Unit 1 Review (Books 1-4 Review) Flashcards
What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words expressiong a complete thought.
What is a proper noun? Give examples.
A proper noun names a specifice person, place, or thing. It is capitalized.
Ex. John, Italy, the White House
Give an example of an adverb prepositional phrase.
Caesar conquered the Gauls in eight years.
What is an appositive? Give examples.
An appositive is a word or phrase that immediately follows the word it modifies. The appositive is usually set off from its noun by commas.
Ex. 1 Appositive: Gandalf, the wizard, is leading an adventure.
Ex. 2 Appositive phrase: Gandalf, the wizard in The Hobbit, is leading an adventure.
Give examples of adjectives used as nouns
Ex. 1 Give me your tired, your poor.
Ex. 2 The poor you have with you always.
Give examples of plural nouns with singular meanings.
Ex. 1 The news is bad.
Ex. 2 Measles is an infectious disease.
Ex. 3 The scissors are on the counter.
Ex. 4 His pants are on fire.
What are the reflexive and intensive pronouns?
The reflexive and intensive pronouns are the self-pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
What is a reflexive pronoun? Give examples.
The reflexive pronoun is always an object - direct, indirect, or prepositional - and refers back to the subject of the verb.
Ex. 1 Mary hurt herself.
Ex. 2 Mary told herself a story.
Ex. 3 Mary wrote a note to herself.
What is an intensive pronoun? Give examples.
The intensive pronoun is used to show emphasis.
Ex. 1 Caesar himself led the charge.
Ex. 2 We met Caesar himself in the forum.
What are the demonstrative pronouns?
The demonstrative pronouns point out a person or thing. The pronouns this and these point to something near, and the pronouns that and those point to something far.
Give an example of a demonstrative pronoun used as a pronoun and as an adjective.
Ex. 1 Mary likes that.
Mary likes that book.
What are verbals?
Verbals are words formed from verbs that are used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs
What is a concrete noun? Give examples.
A concrete noun names something that can be perceived by the senses.
Ex. truth, goodness, beauty
Give the three verbals and define each.
The three verbals are the infinitive, the gerund, and the participle
a. An infinitive is preceded by to and used as either a noun or modifier.
b. A gerund is a verbal noun with an -ing ending.
c. A participlex is a verbal adjective.
What is a verbal phrase, and what are the three kinds?
A verbal phrase is a verbal with any complements or modifiers. The verbal phrases are the infinitive phrase, the gerund phrase, and the participle phrase.
Give an example of infinitives used as nouns.
Ex. 1 To err is human.
Ex. 2 I want to learn.
Give examples of infinitives used as modifiers.
Ex. 1 We study to learn.
Ex. 2 We have time to study.
Give an example of an infinitive phrase.
Ex. I want to learn Latin now.
Give an example of the infinitive phrase with a subject in the objective case.
Ex. 1 I want John to learn Latin.
Ex. 2 I want him to learn Latin.
Give examples of gerunds and gerund phrases.
Ex. 1 Learning is fun.
Ex. 2 He likes learning.
Ex. 3 Learning Latinb is fun.
Give sentences with a present participle and participle phrase.
Ex. 1 I saw her crying.
Ex. 2 I saw her crying in the garden.
Give examples of the past participle and participle phrase.
Ex. 1 Past Participle: The conquered Gauls surrendered to Caesar.
Ex. 2 Participle Phrase: Conquered in a fierce battle, the Gauls surrendered to Caesar.
What two verbals have the same form?
The gerund and the present participle have the same form. They both end in ing.
What is an abstract noun? Give examples.
An abstract noun names a quality, characteristic, or idea that cannot be perceived by the senses.
Ex. truth, goodness, beauty
Give three uses of a verb form ending in ing.
A verb ending in ing can be the main verb in a verb phrase, a gerund, or a present participle.
Ex. He was learning Latin.
Learning is fun.
The learning curve is too long.
What is a compound noun? Give the three kinds with examples.
A compound noun is maked up of more than one word.
a. The words can be joined into one word.
Ex. door step
b. The words can be joined with hyphens.
Ex. sister-in-law
c. The words can be seperate.
Ex. United States of America
What is a collective noun? Give examples.
A collective noun names a group.
Ex. team, flock, class
Name and define the three grammar persons.
The three grammar persons are first person (the person speaking), second person (the person spoken to), and third person (the person spoken about).
What is a pronoun?
A pronoun is word used in place of a noun.
Give the subject personal pronouns in three persons.
The subject personal pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, you (all), they.
Give the object personal pronouns in three persons.
The object personal pronouns are me, you, him, her, it, us, you (all), them.
What is an adjective?
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun.
What are the two parts of every sentence?
The two parts of every sentnece are the subject and predicate.
Give the three questions adjectives answer with examples.
Adjectives answer the questions: which one, what kind, and how much or how many.
Ex. 1 John gave Mary that rose. (which one)
Ex. 2 John gave Mary a red rose. (what kind)
Ex. 3 John gave Mary a dozen roses. (how many)
Define article and name the three English articles.
Articles are words that signify nouns. A and An are the indefinite articles. The is the definite article. Articles are considered adjectives.
What is an adverb?
An adverb is a word that usually modifies a verb, but also an adjective or another adverb.
Give the four questions adverbs answer. Give examples.
Adverbs answer the questions: how (manner), when, where, and to what extent (how often, how much).
Ex. 1 He walks gracefully. (how)
Ex. 2 He walks early. (when)
Ex. 3 He walks outside. (where)
Ex. 4 He walks often. (to what extent)
What is a verb?
A verb is a word that shows action or being.
What verb shows being or existence?
The to be verb shows being or existence.
Give all forms of the to be verb.
The forms of the to be verb are am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been.
What is a physical action verb? Give examples.
A physical action verb expressions action that can be perceived by the senses.
Ex. kick, run, eat
What is a mental action verb? Give examples.
A mental action verb expressions action that cannot be perceived by the senses.
Ex. think, know, believe
What is a verb phrase? Give examples.
A verb phrase is made up of a main verb and one or more helping verbs.
Ex. 1I have been walking for an hour.
Ex. 2 I should have walked yesterday.
What is a subject?
The subject tells who or what the sentence is about.
Give the common helping (auxiliary) verbs.
The common helping verbs are:
am, are, is, was, were, be, being, been
have, has, had,
do, does, did,
may, might, must,
can, could,
will, would,
shall, should, ought
Give the first three English verb tenses and an example of each using I walk.
The first three English verb tenses are present, past, and future.
Ex. Present Tense - I walk
Past Tense - I walked
Future Tense - I will walk
What is the best way to find the subject of a sentence?
Locate the verb and ask the question who or what before the verb.
Give an example of a word that can be used as more than one part of speech.
Total can be used as a noun, verb, or adjective.
Ex. 1 The total is one hundred. (noun)
Ex. 2 I will total the score. (verb)
Ex. 3 It was a total disaster.
