Final Review Flashcards
What are the two kinds of clauses?
The two kinds of clauses are independent (main) and dependent (subordinate) clauses.
What are the demonstrative pronouns?
The demonstrative pronouns point out a person or thing. The pronouns this and these point to something near, and the pronouns that and those point to something far.
What is an independent clause?
An independent clause can stand alone as a complete thought. Two independent clauses can be joined together by FANBOYS.
What is a compound noun? Give the three kinds with examples.
A compound noun is maked up of more than one word.
a. The words can be joined into one word.
Ex. door step
b. The words can be joined with hyphens.
Ex. sister-in-law
c. The words can be seperate.
Ex. United States of America
Give eight words that are always adverbs and often interrupt a verb phrase.
ever, never, not, almost, always, hardly, scarecely, seldom
Give an example of an adjective prepositional phrase.
Caesar was a man of great ambition.
Give an example of a compound subject and a compound verb.
Ex. 1 Compound subject:
Fern and Avery went to bed early the night before the County Fair.
Ex. 2 Compound verb:
Wilbur stared back at the crowd and tried to look his best.
What are the names of the six Engllish tenses?
Present, Past, Future, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect
What is an abstract noun? Give examples.
An abstract noun names a quality, characteristic, or idea that cannot be perceived by the senses.
Ex. truth, goodness, beauty
What is a verbal phrase, and what are the three kinds?
A verbal phrase is a verbal with any complements or modifiers. The verbal phrases are the infinitive phrase, the gerund phrase, and the participle phrase.
What is a participle? What are the two forms? Give examples .
A participle is an adjective formed from a verb (verbal adjective). the two participles are the present participle and the past participle.
Ex. 1 Present Participle:
The conquering Gauls stormed the gates of Rome.
Ex. 2 Past Participle:
The conquered Gauls surrendered to Caesar.
Give the four types of sentences classified by purpose with definitions.
The four types of sentences are declarative, imperative, interrogative, or exclamatory.
a. A declarative sentence makes a statement
b. A imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request.
c. An interrogative sentence asks a question.
d. An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feeling.
Give the questions the adverb clause answers.
An adverb clause answers the questions how (manner), how much, how many, when, where, why (reason, purpose, result), and condition.
Give an example of a word that can be used as more than one part of speech.
Total can be used as a noun, verb, or adjective.
Ex. 1 The total is one hundred. (noun)
Ex. 2 I will total the score. (verb)
Ex. 3 It was a total disaster.
In addition to the verb phrases, give the five kinds of phrases.
The five kinds of phrases are the prepositional phrase, the particle phrase, the gerund phrase, the infinitive phrase, and the appositive phrase.
Define and give ten indefinite pronouns.
The indefinite pronouns often refer to unnamed, non-specific antecedents. Ten indefinite pronouns are all, any, each, few, many, other, some, several, somebody, whoever.
Adverbs of degree modify adjectives and other adverbs. Give examples.
very, so, too, really, rather, quite, especially
Ex. 1 Charlotte is very loyal. very modifies the adjective loyal.
Ex. 2 Wilbur walks quite slowly. quite modifies the adverb slowly.
What is the progressive verb form?
The progressive verb form shows continuous action and consists of the present participle with forms of the to be verb as helping verbs.
Define predicate nominative. Give an example.
A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that follows a linkin verb and renames the subject.
Ex. Wilbur is a pig.
Give an example of an adverb prepositional phrase.
Caesar conquered the Gauls in eight years.
What are the reflexive and intensive pronouns?
The reflexive and intensive pronouns are the self-pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
What is an appositive? Give examples.
An appositive is a word or phrase that immediately follows the word it modifies. The appositive is usually set off from its noun by commas.
Ex. 1 Appositive: Gandalf, the wizard, is leading an adventure.
Ex. 2 Appositive phrase: Gandalf, the wizard in The Hobbit, is leading an adventure.
Give examples of adjectives used as nouns
Ex. 1 Give me your tired, your poor.
Ex. 2 The poor you have with you always.
What is an adverb?
An adverb is a word that usually modifies a verb, but also an adjective or another adverb.
Give an example of an adjective clause modifying a direct object.
We like subjects that require hard work.
What is an indirect object? Give an example.
An indirect object precedes the direct object and tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done.
Ex. 1 The magister teaches me Latin.
Ex. 2 The magister gives John a test.
What are the two kinds of prepositional phrases?
The two kinds of prepositional phrases are the adjective prepositional phrase, which modifies a noun or pronoun, and the adverb prepositional phrase, which modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Many pronouns can also function as what part of speech?
Many pronouns also function as adjectives.
Give the first person singular of the six English verb tenses using the verb walk.
Present I walk (he, she, it walks)
Past I walked
Future I will walk
Present Perfect I have walked (he has walked)
Past Perfect I had walked
Future Perfect I will have walked
What is a complex preposition?
A complex preposition is a group of words that functions as a single preposition.
How is the past participle formed?
The regular past particple is formed by adding d or ed to the dictionary form.
Forms of the to be verb may be used as linking or helping verbs. Give an example of each.
Ex. 1 Wilbur is a pig. (linking verb)
Ex. 2 Wilbur is walking to the barn (heping verb for main verb, walking)
What are verbals?
Verbals are words formed from verbs that are used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs
Give an example of an adverb clause modifying an adjective.
John is happy that he is learning grammar.
Give eight complex prepositions.
according to, along with, because of, except for, in spite of, in front of, on account of, on top of
Give 20 common prepositions.
about, after, against, at, before, between, by, during, for, from, in, into, of, on, over, through, to, under, with, without
What are the two main aspects of English verbs?
English verbs have progressive and emphatic forms.
Give an example of a noun clause that functions as a direct object.
I know that he likes grammar. I know he likes grammar.
Give an example of an adjective clause modifying a subject.
The subject, which I like best, is grammar. The subject I like best is grammar.
Give three uses of a verb form ending in ing.
A verb ending in ing can be the main verb in a verb phrase, a gerund, or a present participle.
Ex. He was learning Latin.
Learning is fun.
The learning curve is too long.
What is a pronoun?
A pronoun is word used in place of a noun.
What is a complementary infinitive? Give an example.
A complementary infinitive is an infinitive used as a direct object.
Ex. Wilbur loves to learn. Wilbur wants to eat.
Give examples of infinitives used as modifiers.
Ex. 1 We study to learn.
Ex. 2 We have time to study.
Give examples of the past participle and participle phrase.
Ex. 1 Past Participle: The conquered Gauls surrendered to Caesar.
Ex. 2 Participle Phrase: Conquered in a fierce battle, the Gauls surrendered to Caesar.
What is a common way of forming adverbs? Give an example.
Many adverbs are formed by adding ly to an adjective.
Ex. slow (adjective) He is slow.
Ex. slowly (adverb) He walks slowly.
What is a noun clause?
A noun clause is a subordinate clause used as a noun. The noun clause may be a subject, direct object, predicate nominative, or object of a preposition.
Give the subject personal pronouns in three persons.
The subject personal pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, you (all), they.
What is an adverb clause?
And adverb clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb.
Name the four ways nouns may be classified.
Nouns may be common or proper, concrete or abstract, collective, and compound.
What is a transitive verb? Give examples.
A transitive verb requires a direct object to complete its meaning.
Ex. 1 John ignored the insult.
Ex. 2 John completed his lesson.
What is a collective noun? Give examples.
A collective noun names a group.
Ex. team, flock, class
Use smell as an action verb and a linking verb.
Jane smells the rose. (action verb)
The rose smells wonderful. (linking verb)
What two verbals have the same form?
The gerund and the present participle have the same form. They both end in ing.
Give examples of plural nouns with singular meanings.
Ex. 1 The news is bad.
Ex. 2 Measles is an infectious disease.
Ex. 3 The scissors are on the counter.
Ex. 4 His pants are on fire.
What verbs in addition to the to be verb can be linking verbs?
appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem smell, sound, stay, taste
Give an example of the infinitive phrase with a subject in the objective case.
Ex. 1 I want John to learn Latin.
Ex. 2 I want him to learn Latin.
What is the difference between the simple predicate and the complete predicate?
a. The simple predicate is the verb, including helping verbs.
Ex. John is learning Latin in school.
simple predicate: is learning.
Ex. John is learning Latin in school.
complete predicate: is learning Latin in school
Name and define the three grammar persons.
The three grammar persons are first person (the person speaking), second person (the person spoken to), and third person (the person spoken about).
What verb shows being or existence?
The to be verb shows being or existence.
Give the principal parts of the irregular verbs see, write, come, do, fly and go.
to see seeing saw have seen
to write writing wrote have written
to come coming came have come
to do doing did have done
to fly flying flew have flown
to go going gone have gone
Give the three questions adjectives answer with examples.
Adjectives answer the questions: which one, what kind, and how much or how many.
Ex. 1 John gave Mary that rose. (which one)
Ex. 2 John gave Mary a red rose. (what kind)
Ex. 3 John gave Mary a dozen roses. (how many)
