Final Review Flashcards
1
Q
What are the two kinds of clauses?
A
The two kinds of clauses are independent (main) and dependent (subordinate) clauses.
2
Q
What are the demonstrative pronouns?
A
The demonstrative pronouns point out a person or thing. The pronouns this and these point to something near, and the pronouns that and those point to something far.
3
Q
What is an independent clause?
A
An independent clause can stand alone as a complete thought. Two independent clauses can be joined together by FANBOYS.
4
Q
What is a compound noun? Give the three kinds with examples.
A
A compound noun is maked up of more than one word.
a. The words can be joined into one word.
Ex. door step
b. The words can be joined with hyphens.
Ex. sister-in-law
c. The words can be seperate.
Ex. United States of America
5
Q
Give eight words that are always adverbs and often interrupt a verb phrase.
A
ever, never, not, almost, always, hardly, scarecely, seldom
6
Q
Give an example of an adjective prepositional phrase.
A
Caesar was a man of great ambition.
7
Q
Give an example of a compound subject and a compound verb.
A
Ex. 1 Compound subject:
Fern and Avery went to bed early the night before the County Fair.
Ex. 2 Compound verb:
Wilbur stared back at the crowd and tried to look his best.
8
Q
What are the names of the six Engllish tenses?
A
Present, Past, Future, Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect
9
Q
What is an abstract noun? Give examples.
A
An abstract noun names a quality, characteristic, or idea that cannot be perceived by the senses.
Ex. truth, goodness, beauty
10
Q
What is a verbal phrase, and what are the three kinds?
A
A verbal phrase is a verbal with any complements or modifiers. The verbal phrases are the infinitive phrase, the gerund phrase, and the participle phrase.
11
Q
What is a participle? What are the two forms? Give examples .
A
A participle is an adjective formed from a verb (verbal adjective). the two participles are the present participle and the past participle.
Ex. 1 Present Participle:
The conquering Gauls stormed the gates of Rome.
Ex. 2 Past Participle:
The conquered Gauls surrendered to Caesar.
12
Q
Give the four types of sentences classified by purpose with definitions.
A
The four types of sentences are declarative, imperative, interrogative, or exclamatory.
a. A declarative sentence makes a statement
b. A imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request.
c. An interrogative sentence asks a question.
d. An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feeling.
13
Q
Give the questions the adverb clause answers.
A
An adverb clause answers the questions how (manner), how much, how many, when, where, why (reason, purpose, result), and condition.
14
Q
Give an example of a word that can be used as more than one part of speech.
A
Total can be used as a noun, verb, or adjective.
Ex. 1 The total is one hundred. (noun)
Ex. 2 I will total the score. (verb)
Ex. 3 It was a total disaster.
15
Q
In addition to the verb phrases, give the five kinds of phrases.
A
The five kinds of phrases are the prepositional phrase, the particle phrase, the gerund phrase, the infinitive phrase, and the appositive phrase.
16
Q
Define and give ten indefinite pronouns.
A
The indefinite pronouns often refer to unnamed, non-specific antecedents. Ten indefinite pronouns are all, any, each, few, many, other, some, several, somebody, whoever.
17
Q
Adverbs of degree modify adjectives and other adverbs. Give examples.
A
very, so, too, really, rather, quite, especially
Ex. 1 Charlotte is very loyal. very modifies the adjective loyal.
Ex. 2 Wilbur walks quite slowly. quite modifies the adverb slowly.
18
Q
What is the progressive verb form?
A
The progressive verb form shows continuous action and consists of the present participle with forms of the to be verb as helping verbs.
19
Q
Define predicate nominative. Give an example.
A
A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that follows a linkin verb and renames the subject.
Ex. Wilbur is a pig.
20
Q
Give an example of an adverb prepositional phrase.
A
Caesar conquered the Gauls in eight years.
21
Q
What are the reflexive and intensive pronouns?
A
The reflexive and intensive pronouns are the self-pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
22
Q
What is an appositive? Give examples.
A
An appositive is a word or phrase that immediately follows the word it modifies. The appositive is usually set off from its noun by commas.
Ex. 1 Appositive: Gandalf, the wizard, is leading an adventure.
Ex. 2 Appositive phrase: Gandalf, the wizard in The Hobbit, is leading an adventure.
23
Q
Give examples of adjectives used as nouns
A
Ex. 1 Give me your tired, your poor.
Ex. 2 The poor you have with you always.
24
Q
What is an adverb?
A
An adverb is a word that usually modifies a verb, but also an adjective or another adverb.
25
Give an example of an adjective clause modifying a direct object.
We like subjects that require hard work.
26
What is an indirect object? Give an example.
An **indirect object** precedes the direct object and tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done.
**Ex. 1** The magister teaches **me** Latin.
**Ex. 2** The magister gives **John** a test.
27
What are the two kinds of prepositional phrases?
The two kinds of prepositional phrases are the **adjective prepositional phrase**, which modifies a noun or pronoun, and the **adverb prepositional phrase**, which modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
28
Many pronouns can also function as what part of speech?
Many pronouns also function as adjectives.
29
Give the first person singular of the six English verb tenses using the verb walk.
Present *I walk (he, she, it walks)*
Past *I walked*
*Future I will walk*
Present Perfect *I have walked (he **has** walked)*
Past Perfect *I had walked*
Future Perfect *I will have walked*
30
What is a complex preposition?
A **complex preposition** is a group of words that functions as a single preposition.
31
How is the past participle formed?
The regular past particple is formed by adding **d** or **ed** to the dictionary form.
32
Forms of the *to be* verb may be used as linking or helping verbs. Give an example of each.
**Ex. 1** Wilbur **is** a pig. (linking verb)
**Ex. 2** Wilbur **is walking** to the barn (heping verb for main verb, *walking*)
33
What are verbals?
**Verbals** are words formed from verbs that are used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs
34
Give an example of an adverb clause modifying an adjective.
John is happy that he is learning grammar.
35
Give eight complex prepositions.
according to, along with, because of, except for, in spite of, in front of, on account of, on top of
36
Give 20 common prepositions.
about, after, against, at, before, between, by, during, for, from, in, into, of, on, over, through, to, under, with, without
37
What are the two main aspects of English verbs?
English verbs have **progressive** and **emphatic** forms.
38
Give an example of a noun clause that functions as a direct object.
I know that he likes grammar. I know he likes grammar.
39
Give an example of an adjective clause modifying a subject.
The subject, which I like best, is grammar. The subject I like best is grammar.
40
Give three uses of a verb form ending in *ing*.
A verb ending in **ing** can be the main verb in a verb phrase, a gerund, or a present participle.
Ex. He was **learning** Latin.
**Learning** is fun.
The **learning** curve is too long.
41
What is a pronoun?
A pronoun is word used in place of a noun.
42
What is a complementary infinitive? Give an example.
A complementary infinitive is an infinitive used as a direct object.
**Ex.** Wilbur loves **to learn**. Wilbur wants **to eat**.
43
Give examples of infinitives used as modifiers.
Ex. 1 We study **to learn**.
Ex. 2 We have time **to study**.
44
Give examples of the past participle and participle phrase.
Ex. 1 **Past Participle:** The **conquered** Gauls surrendered to Caesar.
Ex. 2 **Participle Phrase:** **Conquered in a fierce battle**, the Gauls surrendered to Caesar.
45
What is a common way of forming adverbs? Give an example.
Many adverbs are formed by adding **ly** to an adjective.
**Ex.** slow (adjective) He is **slow**.
**Ex.** slowly (adverb) He walks **slowly**.
46
What is a noun clause?
A noun clause is a subordinate clause used as a noun. The noun clause may be a subject, direct object, predicate nominative, or object of a preposition.
47
Give the subject personal pronouns in three persons.
The subject personal pronouns are **I, you, he, she, it, we, you (all), they**.
48
What is an adverb clause?
And adverb clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb.
49
Name the four ways nouns may be classified.
Nouns may be **common** or **proper**, **concrete** or **abstract**, **collective**, and **compound**.
50
What is a **transitive** verb? Give examples.
A **transitive** verb requires a direct object to complete its meaning.
**Ex. 1** John ignored the insult.
**Ex. 2** John completed his lesson.
51
What is a collective noun? Give examples.
A **collective noun** names a group.
**Ex.** team, flock, class
52
Use *smell* as an action verb and a linking verb.
Jane **smells** the rose. (action verb)
The rose **smells** wonderful. (linking verb)
53
What two verbals have the same form?
The gerund and the present participle have the same form. They both end in **ing**.
54
Give examples of plural nouns with singular meanings.
Ex. 1 The **news** is bad.
Ex. 2 **Measles** is an infectious disease.
Ex. 3 The **scissors** are on the counter.
Ex. 4 His **pants** are on fire.
55
What verbs in addition to the *to be* verb can be linking verbs?
appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem smell, sound, stay, taste
56
Give an example of the infinitive phrase with a subject in the objective case.
Ex. 1 I want **John to learn Latin**.
Ex. 2 I want **him to learn Latin.**
57
What is the difference between the simple predicate and the complete predicate?
**a.** The simple predicate is the verb, including helping verbs.
**Ex.** John **is learning** Latin in school.
simple predicate: is learning.
**Ex.** John **is learning Latin in school.**
complete predicate: is learning Latin in school
58
Name and define the three grammar persons.
The three grammar persons are first person (the person speaking), second person (the person spoken to), and third person (the person spoken about).
59
What verb shows being or existence?
The **to be** verb shows being or existence.
60
Give the principal parts of the irregular verbs *see, write, come, do, fly* and *go*.
to see seeing saw have seen
to write writing wrote have written
to come coming came have come
to do doing did have done
to fly flying flew have flown
to go going gone have gone
61
Give the three questions adjectives answer with examples.
Adjectives answer the questions: **which one, what kind**, and **how much** or **how many**.
**Ex. 1** John gave Mary **that** rose. (which one)
**Ex. 2** John gave Mary a **red** rose. (what kind)
**Ex. 3** John gave Mary a **dozen** roses. (how many)
62
Give examples of reducing an adjective clause to a participle phrase.
Students who are learning Latin should work hard. Students learning Latin should work hard.
We like subjects that require hard work. We like subjects requiring hard work.
63
What are the principal parts of a verb?
The principal parts are the four basic forms of the verb.
64
Give five difficulties in finding the subject, with examples.
**a.** When sentences express a command or request, the subject is always **you**.
**Ex.** Study your Latin
(You) study your Latin.
**b.** To find a subject in a question, turn the question into a statement.
**Ex.** What lesson did you study?
You did study what lesson?
*subect: you verb: did study*
**c.** The subject of a sentence is never a propositional phrase.
**Ex.** Neither of the students studied his Latin.
*Neither is the subject. Students is the object of the preposition of.*
**d.** Here is not usually the subject of a verb.
**Ex.** **Here** is the book.
The **book** is here.
***Here** is an adverb telling **where**. **Book** is the subject of the verb **is**.*
**e.** The expletives there and it are not usually subjects of a verb.
**Ex. 1** **There** are books on both tables.
**Books** are on both tables.
***Books** is the subject of the verb **are**. **There** gets the sentence started.*
**Ex. 2** **It** is important to study Latin.
**To study** Latin is important.
**To study** is the subject of the verb **is**. **It** gets the sentence started.
65
What are the six common question words?
The six common question words are **who**, **what**, **when, where**, **why, how**.
66
What are the two parts of every sentence?
The two parts of every sentnece are the **subject** and **predicate**.
67
What is an antecedent?
An antecedent is the noun or pronoun in the main clause that the relative pronoun, adjective, or adverb refers back to.
68
What is a proper noun? Give examples.
A **proper noun** names a specifice person, place, or thing. It is capitalized.
**Ex.** John, Italy, the White House
69
Give an example of a noun clause that functions as a prepositional object.
Here is my plan of what I want to learn.
70
Give the relative pronouns.
The relative pronouns are who, whose, whom, which, that.
71
Give an example of an adjective clause modifying a predicate nominative.
This is the house where he was born.
72
**Give the four kinds of sentences classified by structure.**
***Simple:*** *A simple sentence has one independent clause and no subordinate clauses.*
***Compound:*** *A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses but no subordinate clauses.*
***Complex:*** *A complex sentence has one independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses.*
***Compound-complex:*** *A compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause.*
73
What is a physical action verb? Give examples.
A **physical action verb** expressions action that can be perceived by the senses.
**Ex.** kick, run, eat
74
How do you form a yes or no question? Give an example.
To form a yes/no question, put a helping verb first.
**Ex.** He likes Latin
**Does** he like Latin? **Is** he liking Latin? **Did** he like Latin?
75
What is an intensive pronoun? Give examples.
The **intensive pronoun** is used to show emphasis.
Ex. 1 Caesar **himself** led the charge.
Ex. 2 We met Caesar **himself** in the forum.
76
What is a predicate?
The predicate tells wihat the subject **is** or **does**.
77
What are the three kinds of conjunctions?
The three kinds of conjunctions are **coordinating, correlative,** and **subordinating** conjunctions.
78
What is the best way to find the subject of a sentence?
Locate the verb and ask the question **who** or **what** before the verb.
79
What is a regular verb?
A **regular verb** is one that forms its past and past participle by adding **d** or **ed** to the dictionary form.
**Ex.****I walk, I walked, I have walked.**
80
What is a noun?
A noun is word that names a **person, place, thing,** or **idea**.
81
Give the four questions adverbs answer. Give examples.
Adverbs answer the questions: **how** (manner), **when, where**, and **to what extent** (how often, how much).
**Ex. 1** He walks **gracefully**. (how)
**Ex. 2** He walks **early**. (when)
**Ex. 3** He walks **outside**. (where)
**Ex. 4** He walks **often**. (to what extent)
82
What is the difference between the active and passive voice?
In the **active** voice, the subject performs the action of the verb. In the **passive** voice, the subject receives the action of the verb.
83
Give sentences with a present participle and participle phrase.
Ex. 1 I saw her **crying**.
Ex. 2 I saw her **crying in the garden.**
84
What is an adjective clause?
An adjective clause is a relative subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun in the main clause.
85
Subject noun clauses are frequently introduced by the expletive it. Give an example.
It is evident that learning grammar is difficult.
86
What is a dependent (subordinate) clause?
A subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a complete thought. It is always joined with an independent clause and is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
87
What is an essential part of a subordinate clause?
Every subordinate clause is joined to the main clause by a connecting word: a subordinating conjunction; a relative or interrogative pronoun, adjective, or adverb; an indefinite pronoun The connecting word may sometimes be omitted, but must be supplied when diagramming the sentence.
88
What are coordinating conjunctions?
The coordinating conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance. The coordinating conjunctions can be remembered by the acronym **FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so**.
89
Give the pronoun forms of the possessive pronoun.
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
90
What question does the predicate nominative or predicate adjective answer?
The predicate nominative or adjective answers the question **what** or **who** after a **_linking_** verb.
91
What is an adjective?
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun.
92
What is a subject?
The subject tells **who** or **what** the sentence is about.
93
Give the progressive forms for the first person singular of the six English verb tenses using the verb *walk*.
Present *I am walking*
Past *I was walking*
Future *I will be walking*
Present Perfect *I have been walking*
Past Perfect *I had been walking*
Future Perfect *I will have been walking*
94
What is a linking verb?
A **linking verb** connects the subject with a noun or ajdective in the predicate. It shows **being**, not action.
95
Define direct object. Give an example.
A **direct object** is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb.
**Ex.** The magister teaches Latin.
96
Define article and name the three English articles.
**Articles** are words that signify nouns. **A** and **An** are the indefinite articles. **The** is the definite article. Articles are considered adjectives.
97
What is the emphatic form? Give examples.
The **emphatic form** shows emphasis or unusual stress. It is found in only two tenses, the present and past. It uses the helping verbs **do, does,** or **did**.
**Ex. 1** *Present Emphatic* - **I do walk** (he, she, it does)
**Ex. 2** *Past Emphatic* - **I did walk**
98
Give examples of nouns used as adverbs.
**Ex. 1** I walked **yesterday**.
**Ex. 2** I will walk **Sunday.**
99
What are the two ways the words of a verb phrase can be separated? Give examples.
**a.** The subject is placed between the helping verb and the main verb and questions.
**Ex.****Is**Wilbur**walking**?**Does**Wilbur**walk**?
**b.** An adverb can be placed between the helping verb and the main verb.
**Ex.** Wilbur **is *not* walking***.* Wilbur **is *always* walking.**
100
Give an example of an infinitive phrase.
Ex. I want **to learn Latin now**.
101
What are the two types of direct questions?
*The two types of direct questions are questions introduced by question words and yes/no questions.*
102
Give the first three English verb tenses and an example of each using *I walk*.
The first three English verb tenses are **present, past,** and **future**.
**Ex.** Present Tense - I **walk**
Past Tense - I **walked**
Future Tense - I **will walk**
103
What question does a direct object answer?
The direct object answers the question **what** or **whom** after an **_action_** verb.
104
Change a sentence from active to passive voice.
Caesar conquered the Gauls. (active)
The Gauls were conquered by Caesar. (passive)
105
Give an example of a noun clause that functions as a subject.
Whoever learns grammar must work hard.
106
What are the connecting words for the adjective (relative) clause?
The connecting words for the adjective clause are the relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that), and where, when.
107
What is the difference between the simple subject and the complete subject? Give examples.
**a.** The simple subject is the principal word the sentence is about.
**Ex.** The best **class** in school is grammar.
Simple subject: class
**Ex.** **The best class in school** is grammar.
Complete subject: The best class in school
108
Give all forms of the *to be* verb.
The forms of the **to be** verb are **am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been**.
109
Give the adjective forms of the possessive pronouns.
my, your, his, her, its, our, your their
110
What are the three kinds of subordinate clauses?
The three kinds of subordinate clauses are the noun clause, the adjective clause and the adverb clause.
111
Give an example of a demonstrative pronoun used as a pronoun and as an adjective.
Ex. 1 Mary likes **that.**
Mary likes **that** book.
112
Define and give the interrogative pronouns.
The interrogative pronouns ask questions. They are who, whose, whom, which, what.
113
What are correlative conjunctions? Give examples.
The correlative conjunctions work in **pairs** to join words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance.
**either ... or** **neither ... nor**
**both ... and not only ... but (also)**
**whether ... or**
114
Give the names of the four principal parts of an English verb with examples using the verb walk.
the infinitive *to walk*
the present participle *walking*
the past tense *walked*
the past particple *have walked*
115
What is the difference between a phrase and a cluase?
A phrase is a group of words that **doesn't** have a subject and verb.
116
What kind of verbs usually have indirect objects?
Giving and telling verbs usually have indirect objects.
117
Give the object personal pronouns in three persons.
The object personal pronouns are **me, you, him, her, it, us, you (all), them**.
118
How is the present participle formed?
The present participle is formed by adding **ing** to the dictionary form.
119
Give an example of an adverb clause modifying a verb, answering each of these questions.
John studies as hard as he can. John studies more than I do. John studies whenever he can. John studies wherever he can. John studies because he wants to learn. John studies unless he is sleepy.
120
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is a word that joins words, phrases, or clauses.
121
Give the eight parts of speech.
The eight parts of speech are **noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction,** and **interjection.**
122
What is a verb phrase? Give examples.
A **verb phrase** is made up of a main verb and one or more helping verbs.
**Ex.** **1****I have been walking** for an hour.
**Ex. 2 I should have walked** yesterday.
123
What is a sentence?
*A sentence is a group of words expressiong a complete thought.*
124
What is a phrase?
A **phrase** is a group of words used as a single part of speech - a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. A phrase does not contain a subject and verb.
125
What is a reflexive pronoun? Give examples.
The **reflexive** **pronoun** is always an object - direct, indirect, or prepositional - and refers back to the subject of the verb.
Ex. 1 Mary hurt **herself**.
Ex. 2 Mary told **herself** a story.
Ex. 3 Mary wrote a note to **herself**.
126
When is the passive voice used? Give an example.
The passive voice is used when the **doer** of the action is unknown, concealed, or less important than the **receiver** of the action.
**Ex.** **1** The cookies were taken from the cookie jar.
**Ex. 2** Rome was not built in a day.
127
Many verbs can be used both transitively and intransitively. Give examples.
**Ex. 1** I eat pizza. *transitive, **pizza** is a direct object.*
**Ex. 2** I eat every day. *intransitive, **every day** is an adverb, not a direct object.*
128
What is the only connecting word that can be omitted from a noun clause?
The only connecting word that can be omitted from a noun clause is that.
129
Give an example of infinitives used as nouns.
Ex. 1 **To err** is human.
Ex. 2 I want **to learn**.
130
What is a mental action verb? Give examples.
A **mental action verb** expressions action that **cannot** be perceived by the senses.
**Ex.** think, know, believe
131
What is a verb?
A **verb** is a word that shows action or being.
132
What is the infinitive? Give examples.
The infinitive is the dictionary form of the verb preceded by the word **to**. The infinitive usually functions as a noun.
**Ex. 1** Mary wants **to learn** Latin.
**Ex. 2 To be** or not **to be**, that is the question. **To die, to sleep, to dream.**
133
Give an example of a noun clause that functions as a predicate nominative.
This is what you must learn.
134
Give the three verbals and define each.
The three verbals are the infinitive, the gerund, and the participle
a. An **infinitive** is preceded by **to** and used as either a noun or modifier.
b. A **gerund** is a verbal noun with an **-ing** ending.
c. A **participlex** is a verbal adjective.
135
Give an example of an adverb clause modifying an adverb.
John studied so diligently that he made an A.
136
What is a common noun? Give examples.
A common noun names a non-specific person, place, or thing. It is **not** capitalized.
137
Give the common helping (auxiliary) verbs.
**The common helping verbs** are:
am, are, is, was, were, be, being, been
have, has, had,
do, does, did,
may, might, must,
can, could,
will, would,
shall, should, ought
138
What is a clause?
A clause is a group of words that has a subject and verb.
139
What is a sentence complement? Give the four complements.
A complement is one or more words in the predicate that complete the meaning of the subject and verb. The four complements are **predicate nominative, predicate adjective**, **direct object**, and **indirect object**.
140
What is an **intransitive** verb? Give examples.
An **intransitive** verb does not require a direct object to complete its meaning.
**Ex.** **sleep, laugh, look die,** and the **to be** verb are always intransitive.
141
Give the principal parts of the regular verbs *live, play, look*, and *learn.*
to live living lived have lived
to play playing played have played
to look looking looked have looked
to learn learning learned have learned
142
What are the connecting words for a noun clause?
The connecting words for a noun clause are: if, that, how
wh- words: who, whose, whom, which, what, when, where, why, whether
-ever words: however, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever, whenever, wherever
143
What is the most common linking verb?
The **to be** verb is the most common linking verb.
144
Give examples of gerunds and gerund phrases.
Ex. 1 **Learning** is fun.
Ex. 2 He likes **learning**.
Ex. 3 **Learning Latinb is fun.**
145
What is an irregular verb?
An irregular verb is one that does not form its past and past participle by adding **d** or **ed** to the dictionary form.
**Ex.****I see, I saw, I have seen**
146
Give the eight kinds of pronouns in pairs.
Personal and Possessive
Intensive and Reflexive
Relative and Interrogative
Demonstrative and Indefinite
147
What is a preposition?
A **preposition** is a word used to show the relation of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence.
148
What parts of speech are NOT complements?
Adverbs and prepositional phrases are not complements.
149
Define a subordinating conjunction and give ten common examples.
A subordinating conjunction introduces a subordinate adverb clause. Ten common examples: after, although, as, because, if, whether, unless, until, when, while.
150
What is a concrete noun? Give examples.
A **concrete noun** names something that can be perceived by the senses.
**Ex.** truth, goodness, beauty
151
What is a prepositional phrase?
A **prepositional phrase** consists of a preposition, its noun or pronoun object, and any modifiers
152
What is a relative pronoun?
A relative pronoun begins a subordinate adjective clause and refers to a stated or understood antecedent.
153
What is an elliptical clause? Give examples.
An elliptical clause is a dependent clause with missing words, but clear in meaning.
John likes grammar more than I. John likes grammar more than I do.
While studying grammar, I went to sleep. While I was studying grammar, I went to sleep.
154
Define predicate adjective. Give an example.
A **predicate adjective** is an adjective that follows a **linking verb** and modifies the subject.
**Ex.** Wilbur is **tired**.
