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PNS Exam One > Unit 1: Review > Flashcards

Unit 1: Review Flashcards

1
Q

What does the central nervous system include?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system include?

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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3
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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4
Q

What location of each cranial nerve carries efferent information?

A

Nuclei of origin

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5
Q

What location of each cranial nerve receives information to give to higher brain systems?

A

Nuclei of termination

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6
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 (mixed)

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7
Q

How do spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord itself?

A

Ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) rootlets

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8
Q

What does each spinal nerve split into?

A

Ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) primary rami

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9
Q

What covers the entire nervous system?

A

Dura mater

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10
Q

What are the functional divisions of the nervous system?

A

Somatic and visceral (autonomic)

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11
Q

What are the structural divisions of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

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12
Q

How many neurons are required in the somatic division of the nervous system?

A

1

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13
Q

What are the two types of somatic neurons?

A

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

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14
Q

What does the visceral division of the nervous system control?

A

Glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

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15
Q

How many neurons are required in the visceral division of the nervous system?

A

2

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16
Q

What is the overall function of the autonomic (visceral nervous system)?

A

Controls vital body functions

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17
Q

What cord levels represent the sympathetic nervous system?

A

T1-L2

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18
Q

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is involved in the fight or flight response?

A

Sympathetic

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19
Q

Which splanchnic nerves are important for the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Greater, lesser, least, sacral

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20
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has a short preganglionic neuron?

A

Sympathetic

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21
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord?

A

Sympathetic

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22
Q

What cranial nerves are under parasympathetic control?

A

3, 7, 9, and 10

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23
Q

What cord levels represent the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

S2-S4

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24
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system contains fewer blood vessels?

A

Parasympathetic

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25
Q

What splanchnic nerves are important in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Pelvic

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26
Q

What is the overall function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Returning the body to normalcy (homeostasis)

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27
Q

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has a long preganglionic neuron?

A

Parasympathetic

28
Q

What spinal level represents the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A

T12, L1

29
Q

Where does cranial nerve I synapse?

A

Olfactory bulb

30
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve II?

A

Retinal fibers converge on the optic disc and are carried in the optic nerve, chiasma, and tract to the lateral geniculate bodies

31
Q

What muscles are involved in the parasympathetic supply of cranial nerve III?

A

Ciliaris and sphincter pupillae

32
Q

Which cranial nerve has two nuclei of origin?

A

Oculomotor

33
Q

What is the nerve supply for levator palpebra superioris?

A

Oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III)

34
Q

How many muscles are suppled by cranial nerve III?

A

5 somatic and 2 visceral muscles

35
Q

What is the smallest cranial nerve?

A

IV (trochlear)

36
Q

What is the action of the superior oblique muscle?

A

Depresses & abducts cornea

37
Q

Cranial nerve IV supplies what muscle?

A

Superior oblique

38
Q

What is unique about cranial nerve IV?

A

Only one with origin on posterior side of brain stem and decussates after leaving CNS

39
Q

Which cranial nerve is known as the “Great Sensory Nerve of the Face”?

A

Cranial nerve V

40
Q

Is cranial nerve V purely sensory?

A

NO; mixed cranial nerve

41
Q

What is the largest cranial nerve?

A

V (trigeminal)

42
Q

What cranial nerve is responsible for the motor supply to muscles of mastication?

A

V (trigeminal)

43
Q

What muscle is supplied by cranial nerve VI?

A

Lateral rectus

44
Q

What is the action of the lateral rectus muscle?

A

Abducts cornea

45
Q

What is the special sense associated with cranial nerve VII?

A

Taste

46
Q

What cranial nerve is also known as the “Nerve of Facial Expression”?

A

Cranial nerve VII

47
Q

Cranial nerve VII supplies what portion of the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3

48
Q

What two special senses are associated with cranial nerve VIII?

A

Hearing and equilibrium

49
Q

Cranial nerve IX supplies what part of the tongue?

A

Posterior 1/3

50
Q

Which cranial nerve has parasympathetic supply to the parotid gland?

A

IX

51
Q

What sense is associated with cranial nerve X?

A

A little bit of taste

52
Q

What is the longest cranial nerve?

A

X (vagus)

53
Q

Which cranial nerve is largely parasympathetic in nature?

A

X

54
Q

Which cranial nerve contains cranial and spinal parts?

A

XI (spinal accessory)

55
Q

The cranial part of cranial nerve XI supplies which muscles?

A

Somatic muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and palate

56
Q

Is cranial nerve XII largely motor or sensory?

A

Motor (to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue)

57
Q

What are the two types of upper motor neurons?

A

Pyramidal and extrapyramidal

58
Q

Which type of neuron in the somatic motor pathway is carried in named nerves to supply somatic muscles?

A

Lower motor neurons

59
Q

Most upper motor neurons synapse where?

A

Anterior horn (rexed lamina VII) of the gray matter

60
Q

Somatic sensory pathways require how many overall neurons?

A

3

61
Q

Which neuron in the somatic sensory pathway decussates and conveys information to the thalamus?

A

Secondary (second order) neuron

62
Q

Which neuron in the somatic sensory pathway relays information to the cerebral cortex?

A

Tertiary (third order) neuron

63
Q

Most upper motor neurons descend in which spinal tract?

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

64
Q

Where are the cell bodies of lower motor neurons located?

A

Ventral horn of the gray matter in the spinal cord

65
Q

Which neuron of the somatic sensory pathway conveys information from the receptor to the CNS?

A

Primary (first order) neuron

66
Q

What are the two types of neurons of the somatic motor pathway?

A

Upper and lower motor neurons

67
Q

Where are the cell bodies found for the upper motor neurons?

A

In the cerebral cortex (Bdmn. Area 4, 6, 8 and even 1, 2, and 3)

PNS Exam One (6 decks)

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