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Year 8 Secondary Science > Unit 1: Respiration > Flashcards

Unit 1: Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the word equation for respiration?

A

Oxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water.

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2
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur in?

A

In the mitochondria of the plants and animals bodies.

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3
Q

What does aerobic respiration need?

A

Oxygen.

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4
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration is a process of obtaining energy from the intake of oxygen and glucose.

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5
Q

Where does gas exchange occur in?

A

Gas exchange occurs in the air sacs (alveoli).

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6
Q

What are the two gases involved in gas exchange?

A

Carbon dioxide and oxygen.

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7
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the process allowing gases to travel from the alveoli into blood during gas exchange.

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8
Q

What does the term gas exchange mean?

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air sacs (alveoli) through the process of diffusion.

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9
Q

What does the term breathing mean?

A

The movement of air in and out of the lungs.

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10
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Larynx (voicebox) contains vocal cords to help us talk.

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11
Q

What are air sacs (alveoli)?

A

Air sacs (alveoli) is where gas exchange occurs.

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12
Q

What is the function of the trachea?

A

Trachea allows air to move in and out of the lungs.

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13
Q

What is the function of the bronchiole?

A

Bronchiole allows air to travel into the air sacs.

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14
Q

What are the function of the lungs?

A

Lungs provide our bodies with oxygen.

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15
Q

What is the order of the structures when air enters our lungs?

A
  1. Nose or mouth
  2. Larynx (voicebox)
  3. Trachea
  4. Bronchus
  5. Bronchiole
  6. Air sacs (alveoli)
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16
Q

What is the function of the bronchus?

A

Bronchus allows air to travel into the lungs.

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17
Q

What is the function of the rib?

A

The rib protects the lungs and thoracic cavity.

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18
Q

What is the order of the structures when air exits our lungs?

A
  1. Air sacs (alveoli)
  2. Bronchiole
  3. Bronchus
  4. Trachea
  5. Larynx (voicebox)
  6. Nose or mouth
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19
Q

What are the two processes?

A

Inhalation and exhalation.

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20
Q

What happens to the pressure when volume increases?

A

When volume increases, pressure decreases.

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21
Q

What happens to the pressure when volume decreases?

A

When volume decreases, pressure increases.

22
Q

What happens during inhalation?

A

During inhalation, the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract. This causes the volume in the chest cavity to increase which results in a decrease of pressure and will cause air to flow into the lungs.

23
Q

What happens during exhalation?

A

During exhalation, the intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax. This causes the volume in the chest cavity to decrease which results in an increase of pressure and will cause air to flow out of the lungs.

24
Q

What happens to the ribs and the diaphragm when inhaling air?

A

The ribs will be pulled upwards and the diaphragm will flatten out.

25
Q

What happens to the ribs and the diaphragm when exhaling air?

A

The ribs will be pulled downwards and the diaphragm will have a dome-like shape.

26
Q

What happens to the energy in glucose?

A

The energy in glucose is locked up inside it.

27
Q

What is glucose?

A

Glucose is an energy store.

28
Q

Why do mitochondria release energy from glucose?

A

Mitochondria releases energy from glucose so that the cells can use the energy.

29
Q

What happens when energy is transferred or transformed?

A

When energy is transferred or transformed, some of it is changed to heat energy.

30
Q

What happens to your body when it is carrying out respiration?

A

When your body is carrying out respiration, your body has a higher temperature.

31
Q

What is the function and the appearance of blood plasma?

A

Blood plasma distributes dissolved substances like gases and hormones. It is a pale yellow liquid.

32
Q

What is the function and the appearance of white blood cell?

A

White blood cell destroys pathogens (bacteria or virus) in the body. It contains nucleus and it is an irregular shape.

33
Q

What is the function and the appearance of red blood cell?

A

Red blood cell transports oxygen around the body. It has a biconcave shape and no nucleus.

34
Q

What are the three things that are transported in blood plasma?

A

Carbon dioxide, glucose and hormones.

35
Q

Why might red blood cells use up oxygen if they had mitochondria?

A

Respiration occurs in the mitochondria. If mitochondria was present in red blood cells, it would use up all the oxygen without distributing it around the body.

36
Q

What are disease-causing microorganisms called?

A

Pathogens.

37
Q

What are the two ways that white blood cells are designed to fight and kill pathogens?

A
  1. They release Y-shaped antibodies which stick onto pathogens, trapping and killing them.
  2. They extend their cytoplasm into finger-like structures so that they can capture pathogens and digest them.
38
Q

What is surrounded by rings of cartilage for protection?

A

Trachea.

39
Q

What does respiration provide?

A

Provides energy.

40
Q

What does the shape of the alveoli look like?

A

A bunch of grapes.

41
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

Haemoglobin is a pigment that oxygen binds when it enters the blood.

42
Q

What is the colour of the pigment (haemoglobin) before it binds with oxygen and after it binds with oxygen?

A

Before it binds with oxygen is dark red and bright red after it binds with oxygen.

43
Q

Oxygen binds with haemoglobin to produce?

A

Oxyhaemoglobin.

44
Q

Where are air sacs (alveoli) located?

A

Lungs.

45
Q

When the body mass of an organism increases, what happens to the surface area of the air sacs (alveoli)?

A

When the body mass of an organism increases, the larger the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli) will be.

46
Q

When the body mass of an organism increases, what happens to the surface area of the air sacs (alveoli)?

A

When the body mass of an organism increases, the larger the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli) will be.

47
Q

When the body mass of an organism increases, what happens to the surface area of the air sacs (alveoli)?

A

When the body mass of an organism increases, the larger the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli) will be.

48
Q

When the body mass of an organism increases, what happens to the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli)?

A

When the body mass of an organism increases, the larger the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli) will be.

49
Q

When the body mass of an organism increases, what happens to the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli)?

A

When the body mass of an organism increases, the larger the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli) will be.

50
Q

Larger mammals require more oxygen to carry out respiration, what happens to the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli)?

A

The total surface are of the air sacs (alveoli) needs to be larger.

51
Q

Compare bronchus and bronchiole.

A

Bronchus is big and bronchiole is small.

Year 8 Secondary Science (3 decks)

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