Unit 1: Respiration

Question 1

What is the word equation for respiration?

Answer 1

Oxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water.

Question 2

Where does aerobic respiration occur in?

Answer 2

In the mitochondria of the plants and animals bodies.

Question 3

What does aerobic respiration need?

Answer 3

Oxygen.

Question 4

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 4

Aerobic respiration is a process of obtaining energy from the intake of oxygen and glucose.

Question 5

Where does gas exchange occur in?

Answer 5

Gas exchange occurs in the air sacs (alveoli).

Question 6

What are the two gases involved in gas exchange?

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Question 7

What is diffusion?

Answer 7

Diffusion is the process allowing gases to travel from the alveoli into blood during gas exchange.

Question 8

What does the term gas exchange mean?

Answer 8

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air sacs (alveoli) through the process of diffusion.

Question 9

What does the term breathing mean?

Answer 9

The movement of air in and out of the lungs.

Question 10

What is the function of the larynx?

Answer 10

Larynx (voicebox) contains vocal cords to help us talk.

Question 11

What are air sacs (alveoli)?

Answer 11

Air sacs (alveoli) is where gas exchange occurs.

Question 12

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 12

Trachea allows air to move in and out of the lungs.

Question 13

What is the function of the bronchiole?

Answer 13

Bronchiole allows air to travel into the air sacs.

Question 14

What are the function of the lungs?

Answer 14

Lungs provide our bodies with oxygen.

Question 15

What is the order of the structures when air enters our lungs?

Answer 15

1. Nose or mouth
2. Larynx (voicebox)
3. Trachea
4. Bronchus
5. Bronchiole
6. Air sacs (alveoli)

Question 16

What is the function of the bronchus?

Answer 16

Bronchus allows air to travel into the lungs.

Question 17

What is the function of the rib?

Answer 17

The rib protects the lungs and thoracic cavity.

Question 18

What is the order of the structures when air exits our lungs?

Answer 18

1. Air sacs (alveoli)
2. Bronchiole
3. Bronchus
4. Trachea
5. Larynx (voicebox)
6. Nose or mouth

Question 19

What are the two processes?

Answer 19

Inhalation and exhalation.

Question 20

What happens to the pressure when volume increases?

Answer 20

When volume increases, pressure decreases.

Question 21

What happens to the pressure when volume decreases?

Answer 21

When volume decreases, pressure increases.

Question 22

What happens during inhalation?

Answer 22

During inhalation, the intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract. This causes the volume in the chest cavity to increase which results in a decrease of pressure and will cause air to flow into the lungs.

Question 23

What happens during exhalation?

Answer 23

During exhalation, the intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax. This causes the volume in the chest cavity to decrease which results in an increase of pressure and will cause air to flow out of the lungs.

Question 24

What happens to the ribs and the diaphragm when inhaling air?

Answer 24

The ribs will be pulled upwards and the diaphragm will flatten out.

Question 25

What happens to the ribs and the diaphragm when exhaling air?

Answer 25

The ribs will be pulled downwards and the diaphragm will have a dome-like shape.

Question 26

What happens to the energy in glucose?

Answer 26

The energy in glucose is locked up inside it.

Question 27

What is glucose?

Answer 27

Glucose is an energy store.

Question 28

Why do mitochondria release energy from glucose?

Answer 28

Mitochondria releases energy from glucose so that the cells can use the energy.

Question 29

What happens when energy is transferred or transformed?

Answer 29

When energy is transferred or transformed, some of it is changed to heat energy.

Question 30

What happens to your body when it is carrying out respiration?

Answer 30

When your body is carrying out respiration, your body has a higher temperature.

Question 31

What is the function and the appearance of blood plasma?

Answer 31

Blood plasma distributes dissolved substances like gases and hormones. It is a pale yellow liquid.

Question 32

What is the function and the appearance of white blood cell?

Answer 32

White blood cell destroys pathogens (bacteria or virus) in the body. It contains nucleus and it is an irregular shape.

Question 33

What is the function and the appearance of red blood cell?

Answer 33

Red blood cell transports oxygen around the body. It has a biconcave shape and no nucleus.

Question 34

What are the three things that are transported in blood plasma?

Answer 34

Carbon dioxide, glucose and hormones.

Question 35

Why might red blood cells use up oxygen if they had mitochondria?

Answer 35

Respiration occurs in the mitochondria. If mitochondria was present in red blood cells, it would use up all the oxygen without distributing it around the body.

Question 36

What are disease-causing microorganisms called?

Answer 36

Pathogens.

Question 37

What are the two ways that white blood cells are designed to fight and kill pathogens?

Answer 37

1. They release Y-shaped antibodies which stick onto pathogens, trapping and killing them.
2. They extend their cytoplasm into finger-like structures so that they can capture pathogens and digest them.

Question 38

What is surrounded by rings of cartilage for protection?

Answer 38

Trachea.

Question 39

What does respiration provide?

Answer 39

Provides energy.

Question 40

What does the shape of the alveoli look like?

Answer 40

A bunch of grapes.

Question 41

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 41

Haemoglobin is a pigment that oxygen binds when it enters the blood.

Question 42

What is the colour of the pigment (haemoglobin) before it binds with oxygen and after it binds with oxygen?

Answer 42

Before it binds with oxygen is dark red and bright red after it binds with oxygen.

Question 43

Oxygen binds with haemoglobin to produce?

Answer 43

Oxyhaemoglobin.

Question 44

Where are air sacs (alveoli) located?

Answer 44

Lungs.

Question 45

When the body mass of an organism increases, what happens to the surface area of the air sacs (alveoli)?

Answer 45

When the body mass of an organism increases, the larger the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli) will be.

Question 46

When the body mass of an organism increases, what happens to the surface area of the air sacs (alveoli)?

Answer 46

When the body mass of an organism increases, the larger the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli) will be.

Question 47

When the body mass of an organism increases, what happens to the surface area of the air sacs (alveoli)?

Answer 47

When the body mass of an organism increases, the larger the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli) will be.

Question 48

When the body mass of an organism increases, what happens to the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli)?

Answer 48

When the body mass of an organism increases, the larger the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli) will be.

Question 49

When the body mass of an organism increases, what happens to the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli)?

Answer 49

When the body mass of an organism increases, the larger the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli) will be.

Question 50

Larger mammals require more oxygen to carry out respiration, what happens to the total surface area of the air sacs (alveoli)?

Answer 50

The total surface are of the air sacs (alveoli) needs to be larger.

Question 51

Compare bronchus and bronchiole.

Answer 51

Bronchus is big and bronchiole is small.