Unit 1 Questions Flashcards by Chelsie Wharton

Which of the following can be used to isolate pure cultures of bacteria from mixtures?

a. Spread plates
b. streak plates
c. pour plates
d. all of the above

d. all of the above

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A(n) ________ consists of diffuse unorganized polysaccharide material that lies outside of the cell wall and is easily removed?

a. slime layer
b. capsule
c. S-layer

D. lipid bi-layer

A. slime layer

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The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized to pyruvate using Entner-Duodoroff pathway is

a. 4
b. 2
c. 1
d. 0

c. 1

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T/F. Hydrocarbons found in the membranes of Archaea are identical to those found in Bacteria

False

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Media containing some ingredients of unknown chemical composition are called ________ media

complex

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Archaea generally lack which of the following that are normally found in Gram-negative bacteria?

a. cell envelope
b. a complex peptidoglycan network
c. pseudomurein
d. all of the choices

b. a complex peptidoglycan network

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The molecue that pulls an electron from another melecule in a redox reaction is called a(n)

a. reductant
b. oxidant
c. enzyme
d. product

b. oxidant

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Which of the following is used as an electron carrier by living organisms?

a. NAD+
b. NADP+
c. ubiquinone
d. all of the choices

d. all of the choices

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The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized anaerobically via the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway is prokaryotes is

a. 2
b. 36
c. 38
d. 85

a. 2

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Fatty acids are metabolized by the _______ pathway?

a. pentose-phosphate
b. beta-oxidation
c. Entner-Duodoroff
d. fermentation

b. beta-oxidation

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The reduction of sulfate for use in the production of compounds such as cysteine is called ________ sulfate reduction

a. assimilatory
b. dissimilatory
c. chemolithoautotrophic
d. chemoheterotrophic

a. assimilatory

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During breakdown of fatty acids, carbons are removed _______ at a time with each turn of the cycle, and the carbon unit(s) is released as ___________

two; acetyl-CoA

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The molecule that receives an electron from another molecule in a redox reaction is called _________

oxidant

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T/F. Archaeal and bacterial lipids are amphipathic, whereas eukaryal lipids are not

false

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Which of the following is not a macroelement

a. carbon
b. nitrogen
c. magnesium
d. manganese

d. manganese

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T/F: During reverse electron transport electrons flow from a protein with a higher (more positive) redox potential to those with a lower (more negative) redox potential at the expense of the proton motive force

true

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T/F Penicillin inhibits transpeptidation during peptidoglycan biosynthesis. It is therefore more effective for treating gram-positive bacterial infections than gram-negative bacterial infections

True

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Most NADH produced from glucose during fermentation comes from _________

a. glycolysis
b. the TCA cycle
c. A membrane bound proton translocating aTP synthase and oxidative phosphorylation
d. The pentose phosphate pathway

A. glycolysis

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Which of the following conditions would cause an aerobic cell to enter stationary phase?

a. Oxygen depletion
b. Depletion of sulfur or nitrogen source
c. waste production build- up
d. all of the above

d. all of the above

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The following reaction is catalyzed by which type of enzyme:

Pyruvate + NADH → Lactate + NA

a. Transferase
b. Oxidoreductase
c. Lyase
d. none of the above choices

b. oxidoreductase

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Which of the following statements is not true with respect to the plasma membrane:

A. It is selectively permeable

B. It plays a key role in the generation of energy in bacteria and archaea

C. It is comprised of amphipathic molecules

D. All of the above statements are true

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The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi, when coupled with an exergonic chemical reaction, is called __________ phosphorylation.

A. Chemiosmotic

B. Oxidative

C. Substrate-level

D.Conformational change

B. Oxidative

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(T/F) Facultative anaerobes do not require oxygen (O2) but grow better in its presence

A. True

B. False

A. True

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Which of the following is not used as both an electron and proton carrier by living organisms but is a key compound involved in electron transport chains?

A. Quinones

B. Cytochromes

C. NADH

D. All of the above choices can be used as electron and proton carrie

B. Cytochromes

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Which of the following pathways is not used to assimilate carbon A. Reverse Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle B. Pentose Phosphate Pathway C. Calvin cycle D. Glyoxylate Cycle

B. Pentose Phosphate Pathway

. Reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to dinitrogen (N2) with hydrogen gas (H2) by Thiobacillus denitrificans is an example of anaerobic respiration. A. True B. False

A. true

The photosynthetic reduction of one molecule of CO2 using the Calvin Cycle requires \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_molecule(s) of NADPH? A. 2 B. 6 C. 12 D. 18

A. 2

The oxidation of ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2-) and then to nitrate (NO3-) is called: A. Nitrate oxidation. B. Nitrification. C. Denitrification. D. Nitrogen fixation

B. Nitrification.

The term used to describe bacteria that are shaped like curved rods is A. Coccus. B. Bacillus. C. Vibrio D. Coccobacillus

C. Vibrio

The primary role of glycolysis, or the Embden Meyerhof (EM) pathway, is to: A. Generate NADH B. Generate ATP C. Generate carbon skeletons for biosynthesis D. All of the above

D. All of the above

In the reaction listed below, the oxidant is ______ and the reductant is\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. CH4+ SO4→ CO2+ H2S (ΔG°=-16 kJ/mol) A. CH4 and SO4, respectively B. SO4 and CH4, respectively C. CO2 and CH4, respectively D. CH4 and CO2, respectively

B. SO4 and CH4, respectively

What is a halophile?

salt- loving microbe

Bacterial and eukaryal lipids have ether linkages while archaeal lipids have ester linkages A. True B. False

B. False

In which compound is sulfur the most reduced? A. Sulfide (HS-) B. Elemental sulfur (Sᵒ) C. Thiosulfate (S2O3 ^ 2-) D. Sulfate (SO4 ^ 2-)

A. Sulfide (HS-)

All of the following statements about the periplasmic space are true except: A. It is found only in gram-positive bacteria. B. It is located between the plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. C. It contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins involved in nutrient acquisition. D. All of the above are true

A. It is found only in gram-positive bacteria.

Chemotaxis is a process by which bacteria A. move toward an attractant or away from a repellent. B. avoid phagocytosis. C. respond metabolically to the presence of autoinducer molecules. D. move on solid surfaces by means of type IV fimbriae

A. move toward an attractant or away from a repellent.

Chloroplasts are double membrane bound and are the site for both the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria A. True B. False

False

The primary reservoir for phosphate on Earth is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_? A. The geosphere (i.e., rocks) B. The atmosphere (i.e., your air) C. The hydrosphere (i.e., lakes, oceans) D. ATP

A. The geosphere (i.e., rocks)

Nitrogenase catalyzes the reduction of dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3). Which of the following statements are true with respect to this process: A. The process consumes a large amount of ATP B. The process is endergonic C. The process is among Dr. Boyd’s favorites D. All of the above are true

D. All of the above are true

Which of the following carbon-based electron donors would yield the most energy when fully oxidized to CO2 with oxygen? A. CH4 B. CH3OH C. CO D. HCOOH

A. CH4

T/F: ## Footnote Archaea and bacteria differ in many respects, including in the metabolisms that support them. Examples of this would be the presence of photosynthesis and methanogenesis in bacteria but not archaea

False Archaea do have photosynthesis and methanogenesis

You discover a new transport system used by a newly discovered bacterial species. The sugars that are transported using this system are phosphorylated as they enter the bacterial cell. You would describe this transport system as a(n) a. Facilitated diffusion b. Passive diffusion c. Semi active diffusion d. Group translocation

d. Group translocation

T/F: The cell walls of most archaea and bacteria contain peptidoglycan

False ONLY BACTERIA

A feature unique to some archaeal plasma membranes is that they may \_\_\_\_\_\_. ## Footnote A. consist of a lipid bilayer that lacks integral membrane proteins B. consist of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins C. contain sterols such as cholesterol E. consist of a lipid monolayer

E. consist of a lipid monolayer

T/F: ## Footnote The lipids of bacteria are more similar to those of eukarya than to those of archaea.

True

T/F: ## Footnote Archaeal ribosomes are more similar to those from bacteria than those from eukarya.

True

T/F: ## Footnote Lysosomes maintain an acidic environment by actively pumping protons into their interior. This is therefore not an energy intensive process

False

Which is not true of viruses? A. They can exist in an intracellular or extracellular phase B. They infect animal and plant cells only C. They can be observed with an electron microscope D. They are acellular

B. They infect animal and plant cells only

T/F: ## Footnote Continuous flow (chemostat) type reactors are important in biotechnological research because of their ability to maintain cultures of microbial cells in stationary phase

False

Organisms that require increased pressure for optimum growth are called \_\_\_\_\_. A. barotolerant B. osmotolerant C. barophiles D. osmophilic

C. barophiles

An organism that grows optimally at pH 3.0 and at 75°C would be defined as a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Acidophile B. Alkaliphile C. Thermophile D. Thermoacidophile

D. Thermoacidophile

The __________ is a group of proteins needed for DNA synthesis that assembles at the origin of replication. A. Septum B. Replisome C. Terminus E. None of the above

B. Replisome

The pentose phosphate pathway produces \_\_\_\_\_? A. CO2 B. NADPH C. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The most common pathway for conversion of glucose to pyruvate is\_\_\_\_\_. A. Entner-Doudoroff B. Pentose phosphate C. Embden-Meyerhoff D. TCA Cycle

C. Embden-Meyerhoff

T/F: The numerical value of the free energy change indicates how fast a reaction will reach equilibrium.

False

T/F: The most commonly used practical form of energy used in cells is adenosine diphosphate

False

T/F: Some endergonic reactions can be made to proceed forward if they are coupled to hydrolysis of one or more of the phosphates of ATP

True

The __________ is the electron acceptor in a redox reaction A. reductant B. oxidant C. enzyme D. product

B. oxidant

T/F: ## Footnote Archaeal lipids are comprised of fatty acids linked to glycerol via ester bonds whereas bacterial lipids are comprised of isoprene units linked to glycerol via ether bonds

False