🏴 | Unit 1 - Push & Pull Factors for Internal Migration Flashcards
1
Q
Push Factors
6
A
- Famine put financial pressure on wealthy landowners as most of the relief fund for starving Highlanders came from their pockets, so they replaced Highlanders with sheep and cattle to make land more profitable
- Highlanders who remained after clearances had bleak lives with similar problems to what they faced in the lowlands in terms of industrialisation
- Life on Scottish farms was tough due to long working hours and a lack of time off (e.g.: 11-hour days prior to WW1. Only holidays were Sundays, New Years Day and hiring days)
- Scots in rural lowland areas of Scotland lived in basic conditions and lacked varied social lives
- Highlanders lived in blackhouses which lacked windows and chimneys and were shared with animals so they could keep warm
- Tourists encouraged to travel to the Highlands to take part in deer hunting and grouse shooting which allowed landowners to profit, but forced Highlanders off land
2
Q
Pull Factors
6
A
- Highlanders affected by clearances sought out new lives in cities and work in their industries (e.g.: jute)
- Cities had more leisure opportunities such as pubs, cinemas, dance halls and football games and more recent national newspapers and radio stations
- Scottish National Football League became a huge attraction and city life made it a possible weekend hobby
- Education Act of 1872 gave every Scot between the ages of 5 and 13 the right to an education, but good quality schools were found in the larger towns and cities
- Tenement buildings in cities, although dire, were a better alternative to blackhouses
- The railway boom of the 1840s developed railways around Scotland, which made it easier for Scots to move around the country. Invention of the steamship made travel easier, quicker and cheaper
