✈️ | Explain - Unit 1

Question 1

Points

8

Answer 1

• Russian Revolution
• Railways
• Social Lives
• Education
• Blackhouses
• Australia
• Immoral Cities
• Highland Clearances

Question 2

Russian Revolution

Answer 2

• When the Russian Revolution of 1917 brought an end to the Large East European export trade in herring, the men who worked on trawlers and the women who worked as fish gutters lost their jobs.
• This made many Scots move abroad to countries such as Canada where they could use their skills and have access to the vibrant fish markets there.

Question 3

Railways

Answer 3

• The railway boom of the 1840s developed railways around Scotland and other countries, and the invention of the steamship made emigrating easier, quicker and cheaper.
• This made many Scots move around Scotland and abroad because migration seemed less risky and could be temporary if things didn’t go to plan.

Question 4

Social Lives

Answer 4

• In rural lowland areas of Scotland social lives lacked variety and many lived in very basic conditions.
• This made many Scots move because the Highlands offered leisure opportunities such as pubs and weekend hobbies like football.

Question 5

Education

Answer 5

• Education became available to all Scots from ages 5 to 13 under the 1872 education act but good quality schools were found in larger cities.
• This made many Scots move as they wanted to access better education up to university level, in places like Aberdeen.

Question 6

Blackhouses

Answer 6

• Highlanders lived in blackhouses without windows and chimneys which were shared with animals to keep them warm.
• This made many Scots move to industrial cities like Dundee as tenement buildings, although dire, were a better alternative and found in these places.

Question 7

Australia

Answer 7

• Up to 1867 Australia was used as a place to send British convicts, and during this time around 7600 Scottish prisoners were transported.
• This made many Scots move abroad because many of these convicts settled in Western Australia after serving their time and their families moved to join them.

Question 8

Immoral Cities

Answer 8

• Skilled workers who had moved from rural areas of Scotland with maintained religion were disatisfied with the busy cities that were immoral due to pub hours and prostitution.
• This made many Scots move abroad to Nova Scotia in Canada as many Scots had settled there, so lifestyles were more similar.

Question 9

Highland Clearances

Answer 9

• Wealthy landowners faced great financial pressure from famine as most of the relief fund for starving highlanders came from their pockets, so their solution was to replace Highlanders with sheep and cattle for more profitable land.
• This made many Scots move to cities in England as they were left without jobs and accommodation, but could use their expertise to set up new farms elsewhere.