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AP Psychology > Unit 1: Psychology's History and Approaches > Flashcards

Unit 1: Psychology's History and Approaches Flashcards

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1
Q

Empiricism

A

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation

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2
Q

Structuralism

A

Early school of thoughts promoted by Wundt and Titchener. They used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

Exploration of how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish

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4
Q

Experimental psychology

A

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

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5
Q

Behaviorism

A

The view that psychology 1) should be an objective science that 2) Studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologist agree with 1 and not 2

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6
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

A historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

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7
Q

Conditioning

A

The way our behavior is influenced by learning associations

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8
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition

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9
Q

Psychology

A

The science of behavior and mental processes

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10
Q

Nature – nurture issue

A

The controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

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11
Q

Natural selection

A

The principle that traits contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

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12
Q

Levels of analysis

A

The differing complementary views, from that biological to psychological to social – culture for analyzing any given phenomenon

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13
Q

Bipsychosocial approach

A

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social – cultural levels of analysis

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14
Q

What are the three main levels of analysis?

A

Biological, psychological, social – culture

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15
Q

Behavioral psychology

A

The scientific study of observable behavior, and it’s explanation by principles of learning

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16
Q

Biological psychology

A

The scientific study of the links between biological and psychological processes

17
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

18
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

The study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection

19
Q

Psychodynamic psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and use that info to treat people with psychological disorders

20
Q

Social cultural psychology

A

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

21
Q

Psychometrics

A

Scientific study of measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

22
Q

Psychohistory

A

The psychological analysis of historical characters

23
Q

Psycholinguistics

A

The study of language and thinking

24
Q

Psychoceramics

A

Study of crackpots

25
Q

Basic research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

26
Q

Developmental psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan

27
Q

Educational psychology

A

The study of how psychological processes effect and can enhance teaching/learning

28
Q

Personality psychology

A

The study of individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

29
Q

Social psychology

A

The scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another

30
Q

Applied research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

31
Q

Industrial – organizational psychology

A

The application of psychological concepts to optimizing human behavior in workplace

32
Q

Human factors psychology

A

An I/O psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and environments can be made safe and easy to use

33
Q

Counseling psychology

A

A branch of psychology that assist people with problems in living and achieving a greater well-being

34
Q

Clinical psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

35
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders. It is practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments and psychological therapy

36
Q

Positive psychology

A

The scientific study of human functioning, with the goal of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

37
Q

Community psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

AP Psychology (4 decks)

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