Chapter 10

Question 1

What is the thematic apperception test?

Answer 1

A projectile test where people express their inner feelings and interests through stories they make up about different scenes

Question 2

What does the terror management theory do?

Answer 2

Explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

Question 3

What is Rorschach’s inkbolt test?

Answer 3

A set of 10 ink bolts that try to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the bolts

Question 4

What is the false consensus test?

Answer 4

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other share our beliefs and behaviors

Question 5

What is a personality inventory?

Answer 5

A questionnaire where people respond to items designed to gauge a wide variety of feelings and behaviors

Question 6

What is a trait?

Answer 6

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel or act

Question 7

What is unconscious?

Answer 7

A reservoir of unacceptable thoughts, feelings, memories, and wishes

Question 8

What are psychodynamic theories?

Answer 8

Modern day approaches that view personality wth a focus on the unconscious and childhood experiences

Question 9

What are defense mechanisms?

Answer 9

The egos protective method of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Question 10

What is collective unconscious?

Answer 10

Carl jungs concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species history

Question 11

What’s is unconditional positive regard?

Answer 11

An attitude of total acceptance towards another person

Question 12

What is a projective test?

Answer 12

A personality test that provides debatable stimuli designed to trigger projection of ones inner thoughts

Question 13

What is self concept?

Answer 13

All of our thoughts and feelings about ourselves

Question 14

What is fixation?

Answer 14

A lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage where conflicts were not resolved

Question 15

What is identification?

Answer 15

The process where children incorporate their parents values into their developing super egos

Question 16

What is Oedipus complex?

Answer 16

A boys sexual attraction towards his mother and feelings of jealous towards the father

Question 17

What is The cognitive social perspective?

Answer 17

A view that behavior is influenced by the interaction between people’s traits and their social context

Question 18

What is the id?

Answer 18

A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives

Question 19

What are psychosexual stages?

Answer 19

The childhood stages of development where the id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct zones

Question 20

What is the behavioral approach?

Answer 20

A perspective that focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development

Question 21

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 21

The techniques used in treating psychological disorders by trying to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Question 22

What is free association?

Answer 22

A method of exploring the unconscious where a person says whatever comes to mind

Question 23

What is reciprocal determinism?

Answer 23

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

Question 24

What is repression?

Answer 24

A defense mechanism that banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

Question 25

What is self actualization?

Answer 25

One of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met

Question 26

What is the super ego?

Answer 26

The Part of personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and future aspirations

Question 27

What is collectivism?

Answer 27

Giving priority to goals of one's group and defining one's identity according to it

Question 28

What do humanistic theories do?

Answer 28

View personality with a focus on the potential for healthy growth

Question 29

What is positive psychology?

Answer 29

The scientific study of human functioning. Aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable people to thrive

Question 30

What is individualism?

Answer 30

Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Question 31

What is narcissism?

Answer 31

Excessive self love and self-absorption

Question 32

What is the self?

Answer 32

The center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 33

What is empirically derived test?

Answer 33

A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

Question 34

What is the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI)?

Answer 34

The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality test. It was originally developed to identify emotional disorders but now it has many other purposes.

Question 35

What is the spotlight effect?

Answer 35

The tendency to overestimate others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

Question 36

What is the ego?

Answer 36

The conscious part of our personality that mediates among other demands of the id, superego, and reality

Question 37

What is self-esteem?

Answer 37

One's feelings of low or high self worth

Question 38

What is self efficacy?

Answer 38

One sense of competence and effectiveness

Question 39

What is self-serving bias?

Answer 39

A readiness to perceive oneself favorable