Unit 1: Physiology of Behavior

Question 1

Brain

Answer 1

Utilized information from both internal and environmental stimuli and determines appropriate behavior

Question 2

Neuron definition and function

Answer 2

Type of nervous system cell that processes/transfers messages through electrochemical signals

Functions: sensory reception, central processing, motor output

Question 3

Taxis

• phototaxis
• phonotaxis
• positive
• negative

Answer 3

Some kind of movement

• response to light
• response to sound
• move towards
• move away from

Question 4

Single-cell

Answer 4

The receptor neuron acts directly on the effector

Question 5

Monosynaptic

Answer 5

Uses several neurons, more complex

Question 6

Polysynaptic

Answer 6

Most common

At least one interneuron between sensory and motor neurons

Question 7

Parallel processing

Answer 7

The signal goes along multiple pathways that perform different types of analysis simultaneously

Question 8

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 8

Brain and spinal cord

Question 9

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 9

Sensory and motor neurons

• -> nerves, controls somatic + autonomic system.
• -> not protected, more easily damaged

Question 10

Afferent nerves

Answer 10

Carry signal from PNS –> CNS

Question 11

Efferent nerves

Answer 11

Carry signal from CNS –> PNS

Question 12

Mixed nerved

Answer 12

Carry signals both ways

Question 13

Spinal cord

Answer 13

Long, tubular bundle of nerves

~controls reflexes
~carries signals to and from the brain
~controls patterned movement (walking)
~brain can activate, modulate, or suppress

Question 14

Brain

Answer 14

~groups of neurons with specialized functions
~controls rest of nervous system
~several sections

Question 15

Brain sections

Answer 15

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe

Question 16

Frontal lobe

Answer 16

Reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem-solving

Question 17

Parietal lobe

Answer 17

Movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli

Question 18

Occipital lobe

Answer 18

Visual processing

Question 19

Temporal lobe

Answer 19

Perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech

Question 20

Medulla

Answer 20

Connects brain to the spinal cord, controls autonomic system (respiration)

Question 21

Cerebellum

Answer 21

Coordinates motor output (movement)

Question 22

Hypothalamus

Answer 22

Maintains general homeostasis (temperature regulation, hormones)

Question 23

Thalamus

Answer 23

Signals + coordinates + processes information

Question 24

Amygdala

Answer 24

Control center form emotions

Question 25

Autonomic

Answer 25

* controls homeostasis | * mostly involuntary

Question 26

Somatic

Answer 26

* voluntary control of movement | * reception of external stimuli

Question 27

Sympathetic

Answer 27

"Fight or Flight" - functions when quick actions needed - secretion of epinephrine - accelerates HR - widens bronchial tubes - pupil dilation

Question 28

Parasympathetic

Answer 28

"Rest and Digest" - slows HR - increases intestinal activity - stimulates salivary gland secretion - contracts pupil

Question 29

Relationship of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Answer 29

Function in opposition to each other Work together to maintain homeostasis

Question 30

Somatic nervous system

Answer 30

Voluntary control or body movement Reception of external stimuli