Unit 1 - Periodic Table & Atomic Structure

Question 1

What are the rows and collums on the periodic table called?

Answer 1

Rows- periods

Collumns - groups

Question 2

Periodic table groups

Answer 2

Group 1 - alkali metals
Group 2 - alkaline earth metals
Between 2&3 - transition metals 
Group 7 - halogens
Group 0 - noble gases

Question 3

Properties of group 1 - alkali metals

Answer 3

Soft - cut with a knife
Shiny
Very reactive with water
Characteristic flame colour
More reactive as you go down the group
Low melting points
Stored in oil - to avoid contact with oxygen

Question 4

Properties of group 2 - alkaline earth metals

Answer 4

Reactive elements - not as reactive as group 1
Reactivity increases going down the group
Often found in rocks

Question 5

Properties of between 2 and 3 - transition metals

Answer 5

Conductors of heat and electricity
High boiling points
Not very reactive
Make coloured salts

Question 6

Properties of group 7 - halogens

Answer 6

Most are non metals
Very reactive
Reactivity DECREASES going down the group

Question 7

What is an atom?

Answer 7

The smallest a substance can be and still stable.

Atoms make up all substances.
Elements have 1 type of atom.
Each element has a different kind of atom.

Question 8

Subatomic particles

Answer 8

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 9

Particle:

Mass
Charge
Where found in atom

Answer 9

Proton - mass=1 charge = +1 where found = nucleus

Neutron - mass=1 charge = 0 where found= nucleus

Electron - mass=0 charge= -1 where found= electron shells

Question 10

Atomic number

Answer 10

Element in the periodic table are arranged in order of atomic number.

Atomic number is the NUMBER OF PROTONS IN A NUCLEUS.

In (stable) atoms protons = electrons. The positive and negative charges are equal, so the overall charge is neutral.

Question 11

Neutral atom

Answer 11

Protons and electrons are equal.

Positive and negative charges cancel out.

Question 12

Mass number

Answer 12

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 13

Calculating number of neutrons

Answer 13

Neutrons = mass number - atomic number

Question 14

Nuclide notation

Answer 14

Example:

12 mass no.
C symbol
6 atomic no.

Question 15

Definition of an ISOTOPE

Answer 15

2 or more atoms of the same element with the same atomic numbers but different mass numbers.

In terms of particles:
Atoms of the same element- same number of protons and different number of neutrons.

Question 16

Relative atomic mass

Answer 16

(Given in data booklet)

Mass of element - relative to the proportion of each isotope.

Example in jotter

Question 17

Relative atomic mass example

Answer 17

In jotter 1

Question 18

Properties of group 0?

Answer 18

…

Question 19

Describe how elements are arranged in the periodic table

Answer 19

By (increasing) atomic number

Question 20

Describe the similarities of elements in the same group

Answer 20

They all have the same number of outer electrons l, this gives them similar chemical properties.

Question 21

Subatomic particles - properties

Answer 21

Proton - mass = 1, charge =+1, found in nucleus

Electron - mass = 0, charge = -1, found in outer electron shells

Nucleus - mass=1, charge = 0, found in nucleus