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Chemistry - MYP > Unit 1: Periodic Table > Flashcards

Unit 1: Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

Atomic Number

A

No. of protons

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2
Q

Relative Atomic Mass

A

Protons + Neutrons mass/Nucleolus mass

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3
Q

Isotopes

A

Same element with different Mass no/R. atomic mass (or changes in no of neutrons)

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4
Q

Excited Electrons

A

When electrons gain enough energy to jump shells

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5
Q

What happens with an Electron returns to its shell after jumping shells?

A

It produces an Electromagnetic wave that leads to Electromagnetic Radiation.

It can be heat, light, ultraviolet waves, etc.

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6
Q

Ionisation

A

The act of an electron gaining enough energy to move out of the atom

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7
Q

Ionizing Radiation

A

An energy that ionizes an atom or removes an electron

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8
Q

Give an example of Ionizing Radiation

A

X-rays

They penetrate our bodies by removing electrons from the area they pass

Also present in soil, water and vegetation

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9
Q

Why do groups have similar properties?

A

They have the same no. of electrons

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10
Q

Physical Properties of Metals

A

Good conductors

High melting and boiling points

Metallic Luster (shiny)

Malleable and Ductile (can turn into wires) - because of crystalline atomic structure

Sonorous

Durable (varies)

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11
Q

Best and Worst Metal Conductors

A

Best - Silver (Ag) and Copper (Cu)

Worst - Lead (Pb) and Mercury (Hg)

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12
Q

Chemical Properties of Metals

A

High Density

Reacts with Oxygen (some burn and some oxidize)

Form positive ion (because they’re more likely to donate electrons given their low valency)

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13
Q

Comment on the Lattice of a Metal

A

Solid metals are a lattice of positively charged nuclei in a ‘sea’ of mobile electrons or delocalised electrons.

This is what makes metals so conductive, because the delocalised electrons move freely and carry electricity.

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14
Q

What state are Metals found in?

A

Solid (- Mercury in Liquid)

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15
Q

What state are Non-Metals found in?

A

All (maybe more gases)

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16
Q

Main Properties of Non-Metals

A

Opposite of Metals

Good Insulators

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17
Q

Name all the Metals in the Periodic Table

A

Metals, Transition Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids

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18
Q

Main Characteristic of Transition Metals

A

Very good catalysts (better at donating and accepting electrons because of their partially filled d-orbit)

Eg. Platinum, Nickel, etc.

19
Q

Main Characteristics of Metalloids

A

Semi Conductive
Luster

(not Malleable, Ductile or Durable)

20
Q

Explain the Application of each of these metals in a Phone

A

Metals - cover (for Luster/shine and Durability/protection) and wires (Cu)

Metalloids - processor (because the Semi-Conductivity allows electricity to pass in a controlled manner. A metal would allow too much electricity to flow making it short-circuit.)

Non-Metals - battery (non-metals like Li are present in the positive and negative electrodes of a battery. When it chargers, they move to the negative electrode and vice versa. This produces the energy needed.)

21
Q

Basic Properties of Nobel Gases (Group 8)

A

Stable/inert - full valence shell

Colorless

22
Q

Trends in Nobel Gases (Group 8)

A

Top-to-bottom

(Due to Atomic Radius Increasing) Density increases top-to-bottom - Think concentration

  • Melting/boiling Points
23
Q

Uses of Nobel Gases (Group 8)

A

Airships (Helium)

Car head light, anesthesia, satellite steering (Xenon)

Lightbulbs (Argon)

Radioactive cancer therapy (Radon)

Glass insulation (Krypton)

24
Q

Basic Properties Alkaline Metals (Group 1)

A

Metallic character (Metal properties)

Theyre called Alkaline because when heated with water they produce an Alkaline solution

Reactive, soft, low melting/boiling point, low density

Almost always form an ionic compound

Metal + Water = Compound = Hydrogen gas

25
Q

How are Alkaline Metals (Group 1) stored?

A

In oil or under an inert gas like Argon (Noble gas)

26
Q

Trends in Alkaline Metals (Group 1)

A

Top-to-bottom

Softer

More reactive

+ Melting/boiling points

(+ density)

27
Q

Basic Properties Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2)

A

Same properties as Group 1

+ Ductile and Malleable

28
Q

How are Group 1, Group 2 and Group 7 Metals found in nature?

A

Theyre found in compounds

29
Q

Where are Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2) used?

A

Fireworks, present in our teeth (calcium)

30
Q

Basic Properties of Halogens (Group 7)

A

Toxic

They exist as Diatomic Molecules (covalent bonds)

31
Q

Trends in Halogens (Group 7)

A

Top-to-bottom

+ Melting/boiling point
+ Density

32
Q

Uses of Halogens (Group 7)

A

F - strongest known substance to accept electrons. Used to etch glass, prevent tooth decay, make apatite.

Cl - disinfectants, bleaching agents, paper/wood pulp, salt (for our body).

I - cloud seeing to initiate rain using silver iodide, important for our metabolic rate

Br - Sedatives, other drugs

33
Q

What is Cloud Seeing?

A

A weather modification technique that improves a cloud’s ability to produce rain or snow by introducing tiny ice nuclei into certain types of subfreezing clouds

Most cloud seeding operations, use a compound called silver iodide (AgI) to aid in the formation of ice crystals

aka Iodine from Halogens (Group 9)

Used by United Arab Emirates

34
Q

Halogens + Metals

A

Metal Halides (eg. salt)

35
Q

Reactivity Series

A

Please send lions, cats, monkeys and cute zebras into hot countries - signed Gordon

Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, calcium, magnesium, carbon, Zinc, Iron, Hydrogen, Copper, Silver, Gold

K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, C, Zn, Fe, H, Cu, Ag, Ar

36
Q

Trend: Metallic Character

A

Top right to Bottom left: Increase - because electronegativity

37
Q

Trend Electronegativity

A

Top left to Bottom right: Increase - because metals

38
Q

Electronegativity

A

The tendency to accept ions

39
Q

Anion and Cation

A

Negatively and Positively charged ion

40
Q

Electron Affinity

A

Amount of energy released when an anion is made

41
Q

Trend: Electron Affinity and Ionization Energy

A

Left to right: Increase

Bottom to top: Increase

42
Q

Trend: Atomic Radius

A

Right to left: Increase

Top to bottom: Increase

43
Q

Trend: Melting and Boiling Point + Nuclear Force

A

Right to left: Increase

Top to bottom: Increase

44
Q

Nuclear Force

A

Attraction between nucleolus and outermost shell

Chemistry - MYP (6 decks)

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