Unit 1: Nutrition

Question 0

Why do macronutrients provide energy

Answer 0

Formorganisms as well as materials they need for growth and repair to be able to compare their energy values

Question 1

Name the 7 major classes of food

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, macronutrients-vitamins and minerals. Also water and fibre give examples of foods which they are found.

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, and minerals.

Question 2

Name and describe the test for starch

Answer 2

Iodine solution.

1. Put 3 drops of each solution into separate wells on your spotting tile using dropping pipette.
2. Add 3 drops of iodine solution.
3. Look for any colour change (ignore yellow-colour of iodine solution).
4. record your results.

Question 3

Name and describe the test for reducing sugars

Answer 3

Benedict test

1. Half full beaker with water and place on Bunsen burner with the right set out. Wait to boil.
2. Label test tubes
3. put 2ml of solutions in tubes e.g starch, glucose, etc.
4. Add 1ml of benedict solution
5. Put tubes in beaker of hot water.
6. 5 mins, turn out flame. Compare colours.

Question 4

Name and describe the test for lipid/fat

Answer 4

Emulsion test.

1. Test tubes with substance in and ethanol.
2. Shake for 1 min
3. Pour contents of tube into tube 2 (with the water in)
4. Record results and colours

Question 5

Name and describe the test for protein.

Answer 5

Biuret test

1. Test tubes with labels on.
2. 2ml of each solution in each
3. Same amount of Biuret in the test tubes and wait.
4. Find colours- protein turns it lilac. Solution is originally blue.

Question 6

How are foods prepared?

Answer 6

Have to be prepared properly. By chopping them into small pieces and mixing with water

Question 7

Do all sugars give a positive result with benedict test?

Answer 7

No. As a result, they are divided into reducing sugars, (e.g glucose) and non-reducing sugars (e.g sucrose)

Question 8

Name examples of different types of simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrate

Answer 8

Complex: sugars; glucose and sucrose
Simple: starch and cellulose

Question 9

What are large complex carbohydrates built up from?

Answer 9

Joining sugar molecules, proteins are built up from amino acids and lipids from fatty acids and glycerol

Question 10

List some functions of carbohydrate, lipids and protein in out bodies.

Answer 10

Carbohydrate- provides energy. Eaten- pasta, rice sugar.
Protein- needed for growth and repair and to provide energy in emergencies. Eaten- meats and fish
Lipids- provides energy and insulation. Eaten- butter and oily fish, oils and fat.

Question 11

List some of the functions of vitamins a,b and c.

Answer 11

A-improves vision, keeps your skin and hair healthy.
B-prevents scurvy
C- for calcium absorption

Question 12

List some functions of minerals (calcium and iron)

Answer 12

Calcium- milk, cheese. Needed to make bones and teeth.

Iron- red meat. Needed to make haemoglobin for healthy blood.

Question 13

List some functions of scurvy

Answer 13

Get it due to lack of vitamin B an C. Mainly a problem in 1535. Symptoms- bleeding gums, bruises, eventual death. 1700’s, found out the link between diet and scurvy was true. Remedy- boil tea leaves and bark of a native tree to make sour tea.

Question 14

What are rickets?

Answer 14

Disease of children caused by lack of vitamin D.

Bones soften. Lack of calcium, etc. may vomit of have diarrhoea.

Question 15

What is malnutrition? And give examples of different types of malnutrition

Answer 15

Lack of proper nutrition- not having enough to eat. Not eating the right things, or not being able to use the food they they eat.
There is acute malnutrition, chronic malnutrition, and both put together. Acute is thinner and wasting. Chronic is stunted or shortness. Both- underweight.

Question 16

Give reasons for the different dietary requirements of a pregnant woman

Answer 16

Her body adapts to the demands of the baby’s needs. If her diet has a lack of calcium, protein, iron or vitamin D, she will need to increase the intake on these substances.

Question 17

Give reasons for the different dietary requirements of a growing child.

Answer 17

Children up to age 12 need less food than adults, but need more proportion to their body weight. Extra protein is needed for making new tissues as a child grows. Children need calcium for growing bones, iron for blood cells, vitamin d to help bone disorder and vitamin a for disease resistance .