Unit 1 - Nervous Systems Pt1

Question 1

What is the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Nervous:
Uses electrical charge to carry messages
Allows system to react quickly but effect is short

Endo:
Uses chemicals to carry messages
Hormones secreted directly into blood
Travel long distances - body reacts slowly but activity is sustained

Question 2

What is included in the nervous system?

Answer 2

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and special sense organs

Question 3

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 3

Regulation + coordination of body activities, detection of changes both int + ext, consciousness and learning

Question 4

What is included in the CNS?

Answer 4

Brain + spinal cord

Question 5

What is included in the PNS?

Answer 5

Nerves that link the CNS with the rest of the body

Question 6

What are the three basic functions?

Answer 6

sensory, integrating, motor

Question 7

What do the 3 basic functions do? (sensory, integrating, motor)

Answer 7

sensory - senses changed int/ext of body, conveys info to brain+spinal cord
Integrating - sensory info received is analysed, stored and integrated to prod. a response
Motor - the response ex. muscles moving away or prod. glandular secretions

Question 8

What can neurons and neuroglia also be called?

Answer 8

Neurons - nerve cells
Neuroglia - glia

Question 9

What are the functions of neurons and neuroglia

Answer 9

Neurons - conduct nerve impulses
neuroglia - protect and support neurons

Question 10

What does the basic structural unit - the neuron, do?

Answer 10

• monitor changes in int + ext enviro
• convert stimuli to nerve impulses
  -conduct these impulses to other neurons, muscle cells or gland cells

Question 11

What are neuroglia? what do they do?

Answer 11

special CT of nervous tissue

insulate, nourish, support and protect neurons

Question 12

What are the 3 basic parts of a neuron?

Answer 12

Cell body, dendrites, Axon

Question 13

Describe the cell body of a neuron

Answer 13

AKA soma or perikaryon

Has a nucleus + cytoplasm, contains normal cellular organelles

Question 14

Describe what dendrites are of a nerve body

Answer 14

High branched, short, numerous cell processes
Func - receives stimuli from other neurons + may be modified as sensory receptors for heat, stretch, pressure
brings impulses towards the bod

Question 15

Describe what the axon of the cell body is

Answer 15

A single process
conducts nerve impulses away from cell body to other cells, (nerve, muscle, gland cells)
A single axon is called a nerve fiber
Bundles of axons are called Tracts (CNS) and Nerves (outside CNS)
can be very long

Question 17

What is myelin?

Answer 17

Cell membrane of glial cells tightly wrapped around axon
Schwann cells in the PNS
Oligodendrocytes in the CNS
Is an insulator that speeds conduction of impulses along axon
Myelin is white; nervous tissue which contains lots of myelinated axons is white matter, no myelin is gray matter

Question 18

Which direction of impulse is Afferent and Efferent?

Answer 18

Afferent (Sensory) towards CNS
Efferent (Motor) away from CNS

Question 19

Describe the somatic nervous system - conscious

Answer 19

Somatic motor func voluntary control of skeletal muscles ex movement
Somatic sensory func information consciously perceived by the brain ex includes info sent from muscles, skin, eye or ear
fibers are often myelinated