UNIT 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE Flashcards
What is biology?
-study of origins andd history of life, structures of living things, how living things interact, and how living things function
what are the 8 characteristics of of life?
-made of one or more cells (unicellular-one or multicellular-more)
-displays organization (atoms/molecules-cells-tissues-organs-organ system)
-grows and develops (new ability/skills) (adding cells(mass))
-reproduces (asexual vs. sexual) (passing on of genes to offspring)
-responds to stimuli
-requires energy (to be able to perform cellular respiration)
-maintains homeostasis (equilibirium/balance)
-adaptations evolve over time
what are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things?
cells
what is the difference between growth and development?
-GROWTH results in addition of mass and organisms.
-DEVELOPMENT is the process of natural changes that takes place during the life of an organism.
What characteristic of life is not essential for the survival of an individual but it is essential for the continuation of species?
reproduction
define fertile offspring.
-species is a group of organisms that can breed with one another and produce
-offspring can also reproduce except horse and donkey.
What is stimulus?
anything that is part of the internal or external environments and causes as a reaction by the organism
What is a response?
reaction to a stimuluis
These organisms use light energy from the sun to make their own food and fuel their activities.
autotrophs
these organisms cannot make their own food get energy by consuming other organisms.
heterotrophs
these organisms cannot make their own food get energy by consuming other organisms.
heterotrophs
what is homeostasis?
regulation of an organism’s internal condition to maintain life
what is adaptation?
any inherited characteristic that results from changes to a species over time which enable organisms to survive and pass on their genes.
what is the goal of adaptation?
to reach reproductive maturity
what is a virus?
a nuclei acid (DNA/RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.
what do biologists do?
-study the diversity of life
-research disease
-develop techniques
-improve agriculture
-preserve the environment
-education
-biotechnology
what is the difference between science and science inquiry?
-SCIENCE is a body of knowledge based on the study of nature
-SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY is both a creative process and a process rooted in unbiased observations and experimentation.
What is the difference between scientific theory and scientific law?
-SCIENTIFIC THEORY is an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time.
-SCIENTIFIC LAW describes relationships under certain conditions in nature but does not explain why the relationship is not the way it is.
what is the difference between science-based information and conclusions?
-SCIENCE-BASED INFORMATION makes claims based on large amount of data and observations obtained from unbiased investigation and carefully controlled experimentation.
-CONCLUSIONS are reached from evidence
what is peer review in an experiment?
process used during an experiment and the results are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting similar research.
what does scientific inquiry involves?
asking questions and processing information from a variety of reliabe sources.
what is hypothesis?
a testable explanation of a situation that starts with “if…then” statement
what is the difference between control group and experimental group in an experiment?
-CONTROL GROUP is a group USED for comparison (lacks the factor being tested)
-EXPERIMENTAL GROUP is a group EXPOSED to the factor being tested.
what is the difference between dependent and independent variable in an experiment?
-DEPENDENT VARIABLE is the results from or DEPENDS ON CHANGES to the IV.
-INDEPENDENT VARIABLE is the ONLY one factor in a controlled experiment CAN CHANGE at a time.
what is data?
information gained from observations
what is the difference between quantitive and qualitative data?
-QUANTITIVE DATA can be MEASUREMENTS of time, temperature, length, mass, area, colume, density, or other factors.
-QUALITATIVE DATA are DESCRIPTIONS of what our senses detect.
what is the difference between metric system and SI units?
-METRIC SYSTEM uses units with divisions that are power of ten.
-SI UNITS are commonly used in science for consistency and ease of communication.
what does SI units stands for?
Internations System of Units
what is spontaneous generation?
idea that life arises from nonlife.
who is the Italian scientist that tested the idea that flies arose spontaneously from rotting meat?
Francesco Redi
what does Redi proved about biogenesis?
proved biogenesis for multi-cellular organisms
what is the of biogenesis states?
it states that only living organisms can produce other living organisms.
who is the scientist that design and experiment to show that biogenesis was true even for microorganisms?
Louis Pasteur
what did Pasteur proved about biogenesis?
proved biogenesis for microorganisms
what are the four origin of life theories?
-primordial soup hypothesis
-hydrothermmal volcanic vents
-panspermia/meteorites
-clay surfaces assembly of amino acids into proteins
what origin of life theory was an early ypothesis about the origin of life?
primordial soup hypothesis
explain what is hydrothermal volcanic vents.
it suggest that the organic reactions began in the hydrothermal volcanic vents of the deep sea, where sulfur forms the base of the food chain.
what organisms lives in hydrothermal volcanic vents?
modern prokaryotes and archae
what is RNA World Hypothesis?
many biologists consider RNA to have been life’s first coding system
what does other researchers proposed about clay crystals?
proposed that clay crystals could have provided an initial template for RNA replication
what are the first cells that scientists hypothesize?
prokaryotes
what is the other name for modern prokaryotes that scientists think that they are the closest relatives of Earth’s first cells?
archaea
fossil evidence of _____ has been found in rocks as old as 3.5 billion years.
cyanobacteria
what does cyanobacteria produces?
produces oxygen through photosynthesis
who proposed the endosymbiont theory?
Lynn Margulis in 1966
what is the hypothesized sequence of origin of life?
simple organic molecules -(clay)->complex organic molecules –>protocells/first cells (formation of cell membranes)–>genetic material (RNA)–>prokaryotic cell–>symbiotic of prokaryotic cells (endosymbiosis) –>eukaryotic cells (nucleus & membrane-bound organelles)
what does the endosymbiont theory says about the relationship between the cells?
they became mutually beneficial, and the prokaryotic symbionts became organelles (chloroplasts and mitochondria) in eukaryotic cells.
what does the endosymbiont theory explains?
it explains the origin of chloroplasts (plays role in photosynthesis) and mitochondria (play role in cellular respiration)
what does the endosymbiont theory evidence says about mitochondria and chloroplasts?
-they contain their own DNA
-they also have ribosomes that more closely resemble those in prokaryotic cells.
-they reproduce by fission, independent from the rest of the cell.
