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BIOLOGY 30 FINALS > UNIT 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE > Flashcards

UNIT 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biology?

A

-study of origins andd history of life, structures of living things, how living things interact, and how living things function

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2
Q

what are the 8 characteristics of of life?

A

-made of one or more cells (unicellular-one or multicellular-more)
-displays organization (atoms/molecules-cells-tissues-organs-organ system)
-grows and develops (new ability/skills) (adding cells(mass))
-reproduces (asexual vs. sexual) (passing on of genes to offspring)
-responds to stimuli
-requires energy (to be able to perform cellular respiration)
-maintains homeostasis (equilibirium/balance)
-adaptations evolve over time

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3
Q

what are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things?

A

cells

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4
Q

what is the difference between growth and development?

A

-GROWTH results in addition of mass and organisms.
-DEVELOPMENT is the process of natural changes that takes place during the life of an organism.

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5
Q

What characteristic of life is not essential for the survival of an individual but it is essential for the continuation of species?

A

reproduction

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6
Q

define fertile offspring.

A

-species is a group of organisms that can breed with one another and produce
-offspring can also reproduce except horse and donkey.

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7
Q

What is stimulus?

A

anything that is part of the internal or external environments and causes as a reaction by the organism

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8
Q

What is a response?

A

reaction to a stimuluis

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9
Q

These organisms use light energy from the sun to make their own food and fuel their activities.

A

autotrophs

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10
Q

these organisms cannot make their own food get energy by consuming other organisms.

A

heterotrophs

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11
Q

these organisms cannot make their own food get energy by consuming other organisms.

A

heterotrophs

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12
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

regulation of an organism’s internal condition to maintain life

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13
Q

what is adaptation?

A

any inherited characteristic that results from changes to a species over time which enable organisms to survive and pass on their genes.

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14
Q

what is the goal of adaptation?

A

to reach reproductive maturity

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15
Q

what is a virus?

A

a nuclei acid (DNA/RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.

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16
Q

what do biologists do?

A

-study the diversity of life
-research disease
-develop techniques
-improve agriculture
-preserve the environment
-education
-biotechnology

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17
Q

what is the difference between science and science inquiry?

A

-SCIENCE is a body of knowledge based on the study of nature
-SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY is both a creative process and a process rooted in unbiased observations and experimentation.

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18
Q

What is the difference between scientific theory and scientific law?

A

-SCIENTIFIC THEORY is an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time.
-SCIENTIFIC LAW describes relationships under certain conditions in nature but does not explain why the relationship is not the way it is.

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19
Q

what is the difference between science-based information and conclusions?

A

-SCIENCE-BASED INFORMATION makes claims based on large amount of data and observations obtained from unbiased investigation and carefully controlled experimentation.
-CONCLUSIONS are reached from evidence

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20
Q

what is peer review in an experiment?

A

process used during an experiment and the results are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or who are conducting similar research.

21
Q

what does scientific inquiry involves?

A

asking questions and processing information from a variety of reliabe sources.

22
Q

what is hypothesis?

A

a testable explanation of a situation that starts with “if…then” statement

23
Q

what is the difference between control group and experimental group in an experiment?

A

-CONTROL GROUP is a group USED for comparison (lacks the factor being tested)
-EXPERIMENTAL GROUP is a group EXPOSED to the factor being tested.

24
Q

what is the difference between dependent and independent variable in an experiment?

A

-DEPENDENT VARIABLE is the results from or DEPENDS ON CHANGES to the IV.
-INDEPENDENT VARIABLE is the ONLY one factor in a controlled experiment CAN CHANGE at a time.

25
Q

what is data?

A

information gained from observations

26
Q

what is the difference between quantitive and qualitative data?

A

-QUANTITIVE DATA can be MEASUREMENTS of time, temperature, length, mass, area, colume, density, or other factors.
-QUALITATIVE DATA are DESCRIPTIONS of what our senses detect.

27
Q

what is the difference between metric system and SI units?

A

-METRIC SYSTEM uses units with divisions that are power of ten.
-SI UNITS are commonly used in science for consistency and ease of communication.

28
Q

what does SI units stands for?

A

Internations System of Units

29
Q

what is spontaneous generation?

A

idea that life arises from nonlife.

30
Q

who is the Italian scientist that tested the idea that flies arose spontaneously from rotting meat?

A

Francesco Redi

31
Q

what does Redi proved about biogenesis?

A

proved biogenesis for multi-cellular organisms

32
Q

what is the of biogenesis states?

A

it states that only living organisms can produce other living organisms.

33
Q

who is the scientist that design and experiment to show that biogenesis was true even for microorganisms?

A

Louis Pasteur

34
Q

what did Pasteur proved about biogenesis?

A

proved biogenesis for microorganisms

35
Q

what are the four origin of life theories?

A

-primordial soup hypothesis
-hydrothermmal volcanic vents
-panspermia/meteorites
-clay surfaces assembly of amino acids into proteins

36
Q

what origin of life theory was an early ypothesis about the origin of life?

A

primordial soup hypothesis

37
Q

explain what is hydrothermal volcanic vents.

A

it suggest that the organic reactions began in the hydrothermal volcanic vents of the deep sea, where sulfur forms the base of the food chain.

38
Q

what organisms lives in hydrothermal volcanic vents?

A

modern prokaryotes and archae

39
Q

what is RNA World Hypothesis?

A

many biologists consider RNA to have been life’s first coding system

40
Q

what does other researchers proposed about clay crystals?

A

proposed that clay crystals could have provided an initial template for RNA replication

41
Q

what are the first cells that scientists hypothesize?

A

prokaryotes

42
Q

what is the other name for modern prokaryotes that scientists think that they are the closest relatives of Earth’s first cells?

A

archaea

43
Q

fossil evidence of _____ has been found in rocks as old as 3.5 billion years.

A

cyanobacteria

44
Q

what does cyanobacteria produces?

A

produces oxygen through photosynthesis

45
Q

who proposed the endosymbiont theory?

A

Lynn Margulis in 1966

46
Q

what is the hypothesized sequence of origin of life?

A

simple organic molecules -(clay)->complex organic molecules –>protocells/first cells (formation of cell membranes)–>genetic material (RNA)–>prokaryotic cell–>symbiotic of prokaryotic cells (endosymbiosis) –>eukaryotic cells (nucleus & membrane-bound organelles)

47
Q

what does the endosymbiont theory says about the relationship between the cells?

A

they became mutually beneficial, and the prokaryotic symbionts became organelles (chloroplasts and mitochondria) in eukaryotic cells.

48
Q

what does the endosymbiont theory explains?

A

it explains the origin of chloroplasts (plays role in photosynthesis) and mitochondria (play role in cellular respiration)

49
Q

what does the endosymbiont theory evidence says about mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A

-they contain their own DNA
-they also have ribosomes that more closely resemble those in prokaryotic cells.
-they reproduce by fission, independent from the rest of the cell.

BIOLOGY 30 FINALS (5 decks)

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