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BIOLOGY 30 FINALS > short answers > Flashcards

short answers Flashcards

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1
Q

cell size

A

-cells vary in shape and size; small cells have larger SA than Volume ratio

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2
Q

cell structure

A

-phopholipid bilayer
-cholesterol
-carbs
-protein

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3
Q

cell transport

A

-semi-permeable (some things can enter like small, uncharged molecules, some cannot like large molecules and particles with high electric charge)
-passive transport (movement of particles across cell WITHOUT use of energy); 3 modes (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis)
-active transport (movement of particles across cell USING energy)
-bulk transport (large molecules, food, and other substances are packaged in membrane-bound sacs and moved across membrane)

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4
Q

what is diffusion?

A

movement of particles from area of high concentration to low concentration
controlled by temp., pressure, concentration

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5
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

-movement of materials across plasma membrane using PROTEINS
-not require energy
-movement is from high to low concentration

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6
Q

what factors influence rate of diffusion?

A

-temp.
-state of solvent
-size of molecules
-steepness of diffusion gradient
-permeability
-membrane structure

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7
Q

what is osmosis?

A

diffusion of water from high to low concentration
water moves areas from low solute (high h2o) concentration to high solute (low h2o) concentration

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8
Q

what are the differences between the three types of solutions of osmosis?

A

-isotonic- same solute concentration in and out of cell
-hypotonic-cell swells (high conc inside)
-hypertonic-cell shrivels (high conc outside)

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9
Q

sexual reproduction
what are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

A

MITOSIS
-one division
-two daughter cells (diploid 2n)
-daughter cells genetically identical to parent cell
-enables multicellular adult to arise from adult (produces cells for growth and repair)
MEIOSIS
-two divisions
-four daughter cells (haploid n)
-daughter cells genetically non-identical to parent cell and to each other
-produces gametes (reduces chromosome number by half)

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10
Q

microscopy calculations for
rq
medium power (10x)
high power (40x) ; (rq, FOV)

A

RQ= (HP) DIVIDED BY (LP)
FOV (MP)=(LP FOV) DIVIDED BY (RQ)
HIGH POWER
RQ=HP DIVIDED BY LP
FOV (HP)= (LP FOV) DIVIDED BY (RQ)

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11
Q

microscopy calculations for
size of organisms
magnification of drawing

A

SOO= FOV DIVIDED BY NUMBER OF ORGANISMS
MOD= SIZE OF DRAWING DIVIDED BY ACTUAL SIZE

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12
Q

what is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 +6O2
NOTE:THERE’S LIGHT ABOVE THE ARROW

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13
Q

what are the 2 phases of photosynthesis?

A

light-dependent
light-independent

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14
Q

what is the phase I of photosynthesis? what is the outcomes of photosynthesis phase I?

A

-light-dependent- light is absorbed and converted into chemical energy
-ATP and NADPH

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15
Q

what is the phase ii of photosynthesis? what is the outcomes of photosynthesis phase ii?

A

-light-independent-ATP and NADPH are used to fix carbohydrates
-glucose

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16
Q

protein synthesis.

A

the formation of a peptide bond between the carboxyl group at the end of a growing polypeptide chain and a free amino group on an incoming amino acid.

17
Q

what is the chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

18
Q

what is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

A

AEROBIC-requires oxygen (includes Krebs cycle)
ANAEROBIC-does not requires oxygen

19
Q

what is glycolysis?outcomes?

A

glucose breaks down to into pyruvate and energy
-2ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate molecules

20
Q

what is Krebs cycle?net yield?

A

-a series of chemical reactions in living things in which acetic acid or a related substance is oxidized to produce energy which is stored in ATP.
-4 CO2, 6NADH, 2FADH2, 2 ATPs

21
Q

what are the three domains?

A

-domain bacteria
-domain archaea
-domain eukarya

22
Q

what are the six kingdoms?

A

-kingdom bacteria (domain bacteria)
-kingdom archaea (domain archaea)
KINGDOMS UNDER DOMAIN EUKARYA:
-kingdom protista
-kingdom fungi
-kingdom plantae
-kingdomm animalia

23
Q

what are the 5 evidence of evolution?

A

-fossil record
-homologous characters
-vestigial structure
-comparative embryology
-comparative biochemistry

BIOLOGY 30 FINALS (5 decks)

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