UNIT 1 MODULE 3

Question 1

PATHWAY OF ENERGY

Answer 1

Sun–>plant sugar–>Digestion–>Cells

Question 2

Cells

Answer 2

the smallest unit that still displays all the properties of life

Question 3

All cells have

Answer 3

1. cytoplasm
2. Plasma membrane
3. DNA
4. Ribosomes

Question 4

2 major types of cells

Answer 4

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Question 5

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 5

Simple, single-celled (unicellular) organism
-lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane bound organelle
(bacteria and archaea)

Question 6

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 6

-Nucleus membrane bound organelles
0Membrane bound compartments inside cells with specific functions

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

functions: acts as all-purpose energy converters
-harvest energy to be used for cellular functions
structure “Bag within a Bag”

Question 8

2 areas inside mitochondria

Answer 8

-Intermembrane space
-mitochondrial matrix

Question 9

Symbiosis

Answer 9

Individuals of two different species live in physical contact, often for mutual benefit

Question 10

Endosymbiosis Theory

Answer 10

Mitochondria originated from bacterial cell that took up residence inside another cell

Question 11

Plasma membrane

Answer 11

-Defines boundary of cell
-Determines the nature of its contact w/ environment
-made of PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

Question 12

Basic integrity of plasma membrane

Answer 12

-Phospholipids
-Cholesterol
-Proteins
-Carbohydrates

Question 13

Passive Transport

Answer 13

-Diffusion (simple or facilitated)
-Osmosis (water only)

Question 14

Active Transport

Answer 14

Energy Required

Question 15

Bulk Transport

Answer 15

special vessicles used to move large quantities at the same time

Question 16

solute

Answer 16

what molecule is being dissolved

Question 17

solvent

Answer 17

what molecule is dissolved in

Question 18

Concentration Gradients

Answer 18

Differences in number of molecules solute per mL solvent across a membrane

Question 19

Osmosis

Answer 19

-Passive transport of water

Question 20

isotonic solution

Answer 20

-solute concentrations are balanced
-water movement is balanced

Question 21

HYPOtonic solution

Answer 21

-solute concentrations are lower in the extracellular fluid
-water diffuses into cells

Question 22

HYPERtonic solutions

Answer 22

-solute concentrations are higher in the extracellular fluid
-water diffuses out of cells

Question 23

Active Transport

Answer 23

-movement of molecules across the plasma membrane that requires energy
-molecules being pumped against their chemical gradients

Question 24

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Answer 24

-important active transport example
-creates a charge gradient that helps maintain cell conditions

Question 25

Bulk Transport: ENDOCYTOSIS

Answer 25

-a type of active transport that moves large particles into a cell -the plasma membrane of the cell forms a pocket around the target particle -the pocket pinches off from the membrane

Question 26

Bulk Transport: EXOCYTOSIS

Answer 26

-Moving material out of a cell -A particle enveloped in membrane fuses with the interior of plasma membrane

Question 27

3 steps of celullar respiration

Answer 27

Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

Question 28

Alternative Pathways of Energy Acquisition

Answer 28

-Aerobic Respiration requires oxygen -Anaerobic Respiration (fermentation) does not require oxygen