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BIO 111 > UNIT 1 MODULE 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 1 MODULE 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is energy?

A

the abiliy to do work (transfer energy between forms)

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2
Q

Solar Energy

A

energy in form of light from the sun

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3
Q

Mechanical Energy

A

Energy of MOVEMENT (flapping wings)

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4
Q

Potential Energy

A

stored energy (water behind dam)

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5
Q

chemical energy

A

energy stored in chemical bonds

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6
Q

1st Law of Thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can change forms

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7
Q

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

A

energy conversions are inefficient and some energy will ALWAYS be lost

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8
Q

3rd Law of Thermodynamics

A

energy flows from higher forms to lower energy forms

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9
Q

Organic Nutrients (Biological Macromolecules)

A

Hydrogen and other elements covalently bonded to carbon

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10
Q

what element is the backbone of organic molecules necessary for life?

A

Carbon

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11
Q

Hydrolytic Reaction (hydrolisis)

A

breaking polymers down into monomers by adding a water molecule

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12
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

joining monomer to form a polymer by removing a water molecule

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13
Q

what molecules do cells use to fuel chemical reactions?

A

Cells use ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
This structure is a nucleoside triphosphate
Stored in the pyrophosphate bond

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14
Q

what is an Organic Nutrient?

A

Hydrogen and other elements covalently bonded to Carbon
The key feature that allows us to use them for energy is because of their ability to form stable bonds with other elements

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15
Q

what makes Carbon so versatile in molecules?

A

it can create 4 covalent bonds

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16
Q

What are functional groups and why are they important?

A

Functional groups are attached to hydrocarbon chain to provide chemical reactivity to organic molecules (Hydroxyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate)

17
Q

What are the four major classes of energy nutrients?

A

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, fats

18
Q

How are monomers joined into polymers? How are polymers broken down into monomers?

A

Monomers join into polymers using covalent bonds to form larger molecules (polymers)
–This type of reaction is known as dehydration synthesis (put together while losing water)
Polymers are broken down into monomers in a process known as hydrolysis (split water)
–A water molecule is used during the breakdown

19
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated fats raise bad cholesterol in the blood stream which can create blockages and heart disease
Unsaturated fats help keep the proper body functioning

20
Q

Why are trans fats bad for you?

A

Trans fats are bad for you because they are man-made fats and one of the worst things you could eat

21
Q

How can changing the shape of a protein change its function?

A

THE PROTEIN SHAPE IS CRITICAL to its function because it determines whether the protein can interact with other molecules

22
Q

describe the structure of ATP

A

ATP molecules are composed of a ribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine molecule, and three phosphate groups.

23
Q

Monomers

A

Monosaccharides, Amino Acids, Nucleotides, Glycerol, Fatty Acids

24
Q

Polymers

A

Polysaccharides, Polypeptides, Proteins, DNA, RNA, Triglycerides

25
Q

What is most directly responsible for the specific properties of a molecule?

A

The functional groups that are attached to it

26
Q

why do living organisms require organic nutrients?

A

Organic nutrients are the source of energy for living organisms.

27
Q

Many amino acids join together to form

A

a protein

28
Q

properties of functional groups

A

provide chemical reactivity to the hydrocarbon chain or ring

29
Q

examples of Lipids

A

Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Oils

30
Q

Proteins are organic nutrient molecules that are composed of individual units called

A

amino acids

31
Q

Lipids are organic nutrient molecules that

A

provide energy storage, cell membrane function, and hormone production

32
Q

structure of carbohydrates

A

Carbohydrates are composed of one or more monosaccharides, which are small ringed structures that have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

33
Q

examples of carbohydrates

A

Glucose

Starch

Lactose

34
Q

two components that help make up all fats and oils

A

Three fatty acid tails

Glycerol

35
Q

three major classes of energy nutrients from the list provided.

A

Lipids

Proteins

Carbohydrates

BIO 111 (4 decks)

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