Unit 1 - Medical Knowledge Systems and Ethics Flashcards
What is Best Research Evidence?
Replacing previously accepted diagnostic tests and treatments and replacing them with one’s that are more accurate, efficient, and safer.
What are the 3 components of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)?
Best Research Evidence
Clinical Expertise
Patient Values
What is Clinical Expertise?
The ability to use clinical skills and past experiences to instantly identify each patients health issue, diagnosis, and risks.
What aspects are to be considered for Clinical Expertise?
- Individual risks
- Benefits of potential interventions/treatments
- patient values
- expectations
- prospective quality of life
What is Patient Values?
To consider the unique preferences, concerns, and expectations of each patient.
What are the 5 groups of Complementary and Alternative Medicine?
- Whole Medical Systems
- Mind-Body Medicine
- Biologically Based Practices
- Manipulation and Body-Based Practices
- Energy Medicine
What is Whole Medical System?
Ancient healing systems (ayurveda), homeopathy, naturopathy
What is Mind-Body Medicine?
Meditation, prayer, relaxations and art therapies
What is Biologically Based Practice?
Dietary supplements, herbal remedies, (teas, oil, syrup)
What is Manipulation and Body-Based Practice?
Chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation and massage.
What is Energy Medicine?
Qi gong, therapeutic touch, reiki, and magnet therapy. (Chi, prana, and life force)
Give 3 reasons why many doctors are hesitant about CAM.
- many doctors did not receive CAM therapy training
- key questions yet to be answered about CAM
- practitioner exaggerate claims
What is Traditional Medicine?
Knowledge and skills based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences of different cultures used to maintain health and treat illness.
How does traditional medicine go beyond the physical body?
It helps the mind, body, and spirit.
What are some examples of Traditional Medicine?
Oriental First Nations Tibetan Ayurveda African
What did they believe caused disease in Ancient Times?
Demons and evil spirits
What was used as medicine in Primitive Times? (4000 BC)
Herbs and plants (morphine)
Ancient Egyptians (3000 BC)
- First to keep accurate medical records
- Average life span of 20 to 30 years.
Ancient Chinese (1700 BC)
- To treat the body, cure spirit and nourish body.
- Used many herbs and acupuncture
- Searched for medical reasons for disease
Ancient Greeks (1200 BC)
-Modern medical science began;
-Diet and cleanliness were used to prevent disease
used massage
Ancient Romans (753-410)
- Disease was treated with diet, exercise and medication
- Average life span was 25-35 years
Dark Ages (400-800)
Medical study was prohibited and emphasis was on saving the soul; treatment was mainly prayer.
Middle Ages (800-1400)
- Renewed interest in medicine
- Universities began training
- Arabs advanced pharmacology and required physicians to pass exams.
Renaissance (1350-1650)
Science of Medicine renewed
- Dissections were used and diagrammed
- life span 30-40 years
