Carbohydrates Flashcards
Carbs come mainly from…?
Plant foods such as fruits, vegetables and grains.
Carbs contain which 3 elements?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Plants make the most abundant carb called..?
Glucose
Carbs can be classified as…?
Simple or complex
Simple carbs include….?
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
Simple carbs are simply called…?
Sugars
Saccharide means…?
Sugar
What are the 3 monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What are the 3 main disaccharides?
Lactose
Maltose
Sucrose
What is lactose?
glucose + galactose
-dairy
What is maltose?
glucose + glucose
-beer, liquor
What is sucrose?
glucose + fructose
-fruits, veggies
What are complex carbs?
Polysaccharides
What are the 3 types of polysaccharides?
Starch
Glycogen
Fiber
Which monomer are polysaccharides made of?
glucose
Where is starch stored? Example in foods?
Plants
-grains, legumes, tubers
Where is glycogen stored? Example in foods?
animals
-not in foods
Where is fiber stored? Example in foods?
leaves/stems/plants
-citrus, fruits, oat
Describe complex carbohydrates.
Glucose bonded together.
How much Calories do carbs provide?
4
What does the brain, red blood cells and nervous system depend almost exclusively on for energy?
Glucose
Why do we need carbs?
- Carbs fuel daily activity.
- Carbs fuel exercise.
- Low carb intake can lead to ketoacidosis.
- Low carb intake will take amino acids from blood first, then other tissues, leading to possible irreversible damage.
Benefits of fiber in our diet?
- reduce risk of colon cancer
- promotes bowel health
- reduces risks fir diverticulosis
- reduce risk of heart disease
- may enhance weight loss
- may lower risk for type 2 diabetes
What is hypoglycemia?
Low blood sugar
