Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Chemistry > Unit 1 - Matter and Energy - Energy & Heat > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Matter and Energy - Energy & Heat Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Potential Energy

A

Stored Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy of Motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Five Forms of Energy

A
  1. Heat
  2. Light
  3. Electrical
  4. Nuclear
  5. Chemical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What occurs to energy in a physical and chemical change?

A

A change in energy occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy can never be created or destroyed, it can only transfer and change form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Heat (5)

A
  1. Form of Energy
  2. NOT Temperature
  3. Heat flows from high heat to low heat
  4. Flow is never ever affected outside forces
  5. Measured in Joules (J)

(4 is the second law of thermodynamics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1 Cal = ____ J

A

4.187 Joules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Temperature?

A

Measure of the average kinetic energy of a material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the celcius scale?

A

Based on water’s freezing point (0°C) and boiling point (100°C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s the Kelvin Scale?

A

Zero Kelvin is absolute zero, where all energy is ceased.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Faranheit?

A

NEVER USED IN SCIENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Specific Heat Definition (1)

A

The amount of energy it takes to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Specific Heat: Crucial Info (5)

A
  1. Physical Property
  2. Units: J/g°C
  3. Specific Heat of Water: 4.18 J/g°C
  4. Different Materials respond differenly to heat
  5. Solid metals have a MUCH lower specific heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is q = mc∆t used?

A

Determines amount of heat gained or lost when there is a temp. change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vaporization

A

Liquid to Gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid - Gas
Ex: Freeze Dried Food

18
Q

Deposition

A

Gas to Solid
Ex: Frost in freezer and grass

19
Q

Fusion

A

Liquid to Solid

20
Q

What is true about the melting point and freezing point?

A

The temperature of MP and FP will always be equal.

21
Q

Why is q = mHf used? (3)

A
  1. Used to calculate the heat transfer
  2. Only used when a phase change occurs
  3. Melting and Freezing
22
Q

Why is q = mHv used? (3)

A
  1. Used to calculate heat transfer
  2. Only used when a phase change occurs
  3. Boiling and Condensing
23
Q

Describe the motion of particles and phase changes of a graphical heating curve (4/6)

A
  1. Substance starts off as a solid
  2. Heat was added
  3. Increases the kinetic energy
  4. Increases speed of particles
  5. Substance goes through a phase change
  6. Heat was added
  7. Kinetic Energy stays the same
  8. Particle Speed stays the same
  9. Heat energy is focused on breaking the forces that hold molecules in place
  10. Potential Energy increases
24
Q

Definition of Reactant

A

The starting material in a chemical reaction that is transformed.

25
Q

Definition of Product

A

The transformed reactant as a result of a chemical change

26
Q

Definition of Chemical Reaction

A

Chemical changes occur

27
Q

When is there a chemical change in compounds? (2)

A
  1. Compounds are formed or decomposed
  2. Reactant disappear and products appear
28
Q

What is the relationship between energy and chemical bonds? (3)

A
  1. Stored energy (potential) is found in bonds
  2. When bonds are broken & formed, amount of potential energy changes
  3. Reactants and Products don’t have same amount of energy
29
Q

Definition of Enthalpy

Definition, how to calculate, what is used for measure

A
  1. Amount of heat absorbed/released
  2. DURING A CHEMICAL CHANGE
  3. Δ H can be calculated by:
    Enthalpy of the Product - Enthalpy of Reactant
  4. Measured in Joules (Heat energy)
30
Q

Definition of Exothermic Reactions (4)

A
  1. A chemical/physical reaction
  2. Releases heat energy
  3. Products have less energy than reactants
  4. As a result, it produces heat to its surroundings
  5. Energy is seen on the product (right) side

Examples:
Δ H - Negative
Freezing and Condensation

31
Q

Definition of Endothermic Reactions (5)

A
  1. A chemical/physical reaction
  2. Products have more potential energy than reactants
  3. Extra energy needs to be absorbed from surroundings
  4. As a result, heat is removed from surroundings
  5. Extra Energy is on the reactant (left) side

Examples:
Δ H - Positive
Melting and Boiling

32
Q

Why are Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions chemical AND physical?

A

The absorption and release of energy can be physical or chemical, depending and how that occured

Exo. Chem. Reaction: Combustion of Gas
Exo. Phys. Reaction: Freezing

Endo. Chem. Reaction: Photosynthesis
Endo. Phys. Reaction: Boiling

33
Q

Why does licking the back of a fridge feel like burning?

A

When your skin is in contact with very cold surfaces, there is a rapid loss of heat. Your nerves interpret this as a burning sensation.
(REMEMBER: IN CHEM, YOU DO NOT MATTER, THIS IS AN ENDOTHERMIC REACTION BECAUSE THE REFRIDGERATOR IS GAINING ENERGY FROM THEIR SURROUNDINGS. WE ARE THE SURROUNDINGS!!!!)

34
Q

Definition of Boil

A

When the vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure

35
Q

What is activation energy? (2)

A
  1. Amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction
  2. Amount of energy needed to reach the activation complex
36
Q

What does activation energy ensure about molecular collisions?

A

Molecules collisions have enough energy to react and become products.

37
Q

Definition of the Activation Complex

A
  1. Middle step during chemical reaction
  2. Highest PE
  3. Most Unstable
38
Q

Definition of Forward Reaction

A

Process where reactants are turned into products

39
Q

Definition of Reverse Reaction

A

Process where products are converted back into reactants.

40
Q

How do you read a potential energy diagram?
(Reactant, Product, Activate Complex, Activation Energy, Enthalpy/Delta H)

A

Reactant - On far left

Product - On far right

Activated Complex: Peak found in middle

Activation Energy for Forward Reactions: Vertical distance of the peak & reactant

Activation Energy for Reverse Reactions:
Vertical distance from peak & product

Enthalpy: Difference between product and reactant

41
Q

How do you know the strength of bonds based on potential energy? (3/3)

A

Lower Potential Energy:

  1. Strong bonds
  2. Atoms are Stable
  3. Takes a lot of energy to separate them.

Higher Potential Energy (Shallow Well):

  1. Weak bonds
  2. Atoms are Unstable
  3. Takes less energy to separate the
42
Q

Definition of Catalyst (3)

A
  1. Speeds up chemical reaction without the catalyst going through a chemical change
  2. Activation energy AND ACTIVATION COMPLEX decreases
  3. Energy of Reactants and Products stay the same

Advanced Chemistry (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions