Unit 1 - Maps and Geographical Data Flashcards
1
Q
Maps that show and label human created boundaries and designations
A
Political Maps
2
Q
Maps that show and label natural features
A
Physical Maps
3
Q
Type of thematic map that uses various colors, shades of color, patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data
A
Choropleth Maps
4
Q
Type of thematic map used to show the specific location and distribution of something across a map
A
Dot Distribution Map
5
Q
Type of thematic map that uses symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something
A
Graduated Symbol Map
6
Q
Type of thematic map that uses lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in the data across space
A
Isoline Map
7
Q
The most common type of isoline maps. On these maps, points of equal elevation are connected, creating contours that depict surface features.
A
Topographic Map
8
Q
Type of thematic map in which sizes of political features are shown according to some specific statistic.
A
Cartogram
9
Q
The ratio between the size of things in the real world and the size of those same things on a map.
A
Scale
10
Q
Refers to the way the map communicates the ratio of its size to the size of what it represents
A
Cartographic Scale
11
Q
The precise spot where something is according to a system.
A
Absolute Location
12
Q
Description of where something is in relation to other things.
A
Relative Location
13
Q
How well two locations are tied together by roads or other links
A
Connectivity
14
Q
How quickly and easily people in one location can interact with people in another location.
A
Accessibility
15
Q
Used in order to describe where things are in relation to each other.
A
Direction
16
Q
Usually measured in terms of feet, miles, meters, or kilometers.
A
Absolute Distance
17
Q
Indicates the degree of nearness based on time or money; it is often dependent on the mode of travel.
A
Relative Distance
18
Q
The distance of features above sea level, usually measured in feet or meters.
A
Elevation
19
Q
The ways a phenomenon is spread over an area.
A
Distribution
20
Q
The general arrangement of things.
A
Patterns
21
Q
The process of showing a curved surface on a flat surface.
A
Projections
22
Q
Geographers are concerned by the political and economic bias of what three things that can be subconsciously reinforced by using an incorrect projection?
A
Power, wealth, and superiority
23
Q
What are 2 reasons why maps are the most important tool of a geographer?
A
Maps help organize complex information and no tool communicates spatial information more effectively than a map.
24
Q
What are 5 types of thematic maps?
A
Choropleth Map
Dot Distribution Maps
Graduate Symbol Maps
Isoline Maps
Cartogram Maps
25
Why are cartograms useful?
The sizes of countries are shown according to a certain statistic.
26
What are 4 ways in which cartographic scale can be expressed?
Words
Ratio
A line
Scale
27
Latitude is...
the distance North or South of the equator.
28
Longitude is..
the distance East or West of the equator.
29
What are the 4 Cardinal Directions?
North
South
East
West
30
Northwest, Southwest, Northeast, Southeast are known as...
Intermediate Directions
31
What types of things are impacted by elevation?
Climate
Weather
Agriculture
32
Define a Clustered or Agglomerated distribution pattern.
Phenomena are arranged in a group or concentrated way.
33
Give an example of Clustered Distribution.
When houses are built very close together and the houses have smaller lots.
34
Define a Linear distribution pattern.
Phenomena are arranged in a straight line.
35
Give an example of a Linear distribution pattern.
Where settlements are built in a line, often along a road, river, or valley.
36
Define Dispersed distribution pattern.
Phenomena are spread out over a large area.
37
Give an example of Dispersed Distribution pattern.
An area that has houses that are further apart and have larger lots and more land from one house to the next.
38
Define Circular Distribution.
Phenomena are equally spaced from a central point, forming a circle,
39
Give an example of Circular Distribution.
The distribution of the homes of people who shop at a particular store.
40
Define Geometric Distribution.
Phenomena are in a regular arrangement , such as squares.
41
Define Random Distribution Patterns.
Phenomena appear to have no order to their position.
42
What is the purpose of Mercator map projections?
Navigation
43
What are the strengths of Mercator map projections?
The Mercator projection preserves angles, so it is useful for navigation purposes, as it allows sailors to draw straight lines on the map that correspond to true compass bearings.
44
What is the Distortion of Mercator map projections?
Distorts the size of objects as the latitude increases from the equator to the poles, where the scale becomes infinite.
45
What is the purpose of Peters map projections?
It offers a representation of the nations in their true proportion to one another, which provides a helpful corrective to the distortions of traditional maps for countries to fit on a flat surface.
46
What are the strengths of the Peters map projections?
all countries are correct in size in relation to each other.
47
What is the distortion of the Peters map projections?
Countries are stretched horizontally near the poles and vertically near the Equator, so although the size may be right, the shape definitely isn't.
48
What is the purpose of the Conic map projections?
used for midlatitude zones that have an east–west orientation
49
What are the strengths of the Conic map projections?
size and shape are close to reality
50
What is the distortion of the Conic map projections?
direction not constant, longitude line converse at one pole.
51
What is the purpose of the Robinson map projections?
to create visually appealing maps of the entire world
52
What are the strengths of the Robinson map projections?
it keeps the levels of all types of distortion relatively low over most of the map.
53
What is the distortion of the Robinson map projections?
It generally distorts shapes, areas, distances, directions, and angle
54
On what types of things does a spatial approach focus?
location
distance
direction
orientation
flow
pattern
interconnection
55
What concepts do geographers use to further develop an understanding of a specific location?
the physical and human characteristics of a location.
NOT SURE IF CORRECT ANSWER
56
What are some examples of site?
soil type
climate
labor force
human structures
57
What is an example of situation?
location of a place relative to it's surroundings.
58
Define sense of place.
In relation to the concept of place
59
For what reasons are toponyms sometimes created?
Physical Geography
60
What has been one result of time-space compression?
getting from New York to London quicker
61
62
What are 2 types of connections that can exist between places?
Physical or internet
63
What types of things have reduced the friction of distance between places by increasing the spatial interaction?
The internet
64
What are some common types of distribution patterns?
Clustered
linear
dispersed
circular
geometric
random
65
What is an example of spatial association?
Malaria cases and the mosquitos that cause it.
66
The arrangement of the phenomena being studied across the surface of the earth.
Spatial Approach
67
The area between two or more phenomena or things.
Space
68
Identifies where specific phenomena are located either on a gird system or relative to another location.
Location
69
Refers to the specific human and physical characteristics of a location.
Place
70
A group of places in the same area that share a characteristic.
Region
71
The characteristics at an immediate location.
Site
72
Refers to the location of a place relative to its surroundings and its connectivity to other places.
Situation
73
Place names that locations are sometimes known by.
Toponyms
74
The shrinking relative distance between locations because of improved methods of transpiration and communication.
Time Space Compression
75
Refers to the contact, movement, and flow of things between locations.
Spatial Interaction
76
Refers to the patterns and movement of ideas, people, products, and other phenomena.
Flow
77
Indicates that when things are farther apart, they tend to be less connected.
Friction of distance
78
The inverse relationship between distance and connection.
Distance decay
79
Refer to the general arrangement of things being studied.
Patterns
80
The way a phenomenon is spread out or arranged over an area to describe patterns.
Distribution
81
Matching patterns of distribution
Spatial Association
82
This technology has allowed the world to become more spatially connected than ever before.
Internet
83
The connection and exchange between humans and the natural world.
Human- Environmental Interaction
84
Resources that are theoretically unlimited and will not be depleted based on use by people.
Renewable natural resources
85
Resources that are limited and can be exhausted by humans.
Non renewable resources
86
Attempting to use resources now in ways that allow their use in the future while minimizing negative impacts on environment.
Sustainability
87
Anything built by humans and that is in the realm of land use.
Cultural Landscape
88
The study of how humans adapt to the environment.
Cultural Ecology
89
The belief that landforms and climate are the most powerful forces shaping human behavior and societal development while ignoring the influence of culture.
Environmental Determinism
90
View that acknowledges limits on the effects of the natural environment and focuses more on the role that human culture plays.
Possibilism
91
The physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape.
Built Environment
92
What are 2 factors that influence access to resources?
Technological tools and finances
93
What types of problems do sustainable development policies attempt to solve?
Natural resource depletion
Mass consumption
Effects of pollution
Impact of climate change
94
What are some examples of things that are part of the built environment?
Buildings
Roads
Signs
Farms
Fences
95
How is possibilism different than environmental determinism?
Possibilism says that culture affects how people react to an environment, when environmental determination says it's climate.
96
What is a specific example of possibilism in action?
The Netherlands having to make dams, walls, canals, and pumps to keep 35% of the country from flooding.
97
List some examples of renewable resources
Air: Wind, Power
Water: surface water & hydroelectric
Solar: suns energy
Biomass: organic material from plants and animals
98
List some examples of non renewable resources
fossil fuels from biological origin, such as coal, natural gas & petroleum
Earth minerals: like gold, silver & copper
Underground fresh water
Soil
99
Geographic scale is also known as
Relative Scale
100
Geographic Scale refers to
the area of the world being studied.
101
What are 5 different scales of analysis?
Global
World Regional
National
National Regional
Local
102
What does the Global Scale of Analysis area show?
The entire world
103
What does the World Regional Scale of Analysis area show?
Multiple countries of the world
104
What does the National Scale of Analysis area show?
One country
105
What does the National Regional Scale of Analysis area show?
A portion of a country or a region within a country.
106
What does the Local Scale of Analysis area show?
A province, state, city, country or neighborhood.
107
Give an example of a Global Scale
Global earth at night image world population
108
Give an example of World Regional Scale
South AsiaGi
109
Give an example of National Scale
Thailand
110
Give an example of National Regional Scale
Midwest
111
Give an example of Local Scale
Moscow
112
What is aggregation?
When geographers organize data into different scales.
113
What is aggregation important?
It allows for data to be easily mapped.
114
As it relates to identifying patterns, in order to fully understand a topic in depth, what must geographers do?
Analyze and understand the patterns and processes at multiple scales or analysis.
115
What are some examples of other ways in which the concept of scale analysis can be used on other than maps?
Charts and Graphs
116
What must geographers be careful to do when drawing conclusions and generalizations based on patterns in data resources?
Have to makes sure it's zoomed in so that data isn't generalized.
117
What are some of the most defining characteristics of regions?
Boundaries, unifying characteristics, cover space created by people
118
What makes identifying regions challenging?
They are dynamic and depends on who is defining them.
119
What are formal regions>?
United by one or more traits
120
What other names are formal regions sometimes called?
Uniform regions and homogenous regions
121
What are some categories of formal regions?
Political, physical, cultural
122
What are functional regions?
Regions organized around a focal point, and defined by activity; political, social or economic
123
By what other name are functional regions known?
Nodal Regions
124
What are some examples of functional regions?
Pizza delivery
State/Country
an Airport
125
What is necessary part of any functional region?
Flow or phenomenon across networks that unite a region.
126
What makes perceptual regions different from formal and functional regions?
They're described by their informal sense of place that people ascribe to them.
127
By what other name are perceptual regions known?
Vernacular Regions
128
What is subregion?
A smaller part of a region
129
What is an example given in the text of a sub region? What makes this sub region different from the larger region it is a part of?
Brazil.
Speaking a different language sets them apart from the rest of Latin America.
130
By changing the scale and zooming in, into what further subdivisions can sub regions be divided?
Physical geography like climate and land forms
131
What are 3 examples of problems with regions?
Regions are generalizations.
Regions don't make boundaries, tensions can form when regions overlap.
