Unit 1 - Life (Evolution, Life, & Viruses)

Question 1

Matter important to life was present on Early Earth and allowed for the emergence of cells. What six elements are considered ‘matter important to life’?

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Question 2

What does CHONPS stand for?

Answer 2

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Question 3

What two characteristics of viruses contribute to its designation as non-living?

Answer 3

1) Cannot survive without a host 2) Must have a living cell’s energy for reproduction

Question 4

What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?

Answer 4

Large prokaryote engulfed and “recruited” smaller prokaryotes to live inside and form primitive organelles.

Question 5

What are the Essential Life Functions?

Answer 5

1) Maintain Homeostasis 2) Acquire Matter & Energy 3) Respond to Stimuli 4) Reproduce 5) Evolve

Question 5

Cell

Answer 5

The basic unit of life

Question 6

Tissue

Answer 6

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function

Question 7

Organ

Answer 7

A group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function

Question 8

Organ System

Answer 8

A group of organs with related functions that work together to perform body functions

Question 9

Organism

Answer 9

A living thing that carries out all basic functions of life and belongs to one type of species

Question 10

Population

Answer 10

A group of organisms that are all the same species, living in the same area at the same time

Question 11

Community

Answer 11

All of the populations of different species in a given area at the same time

Question 12

Ecosystem

Answer 12

All of the biotic and abiotic factors in an area, The community and its physical environment

Question 13

Biosphere

Answer 13

All the parts of the Earth which contain living organisms. All the ecosystems on Earth

Question 14

What are the Levels of Organizations in order of complexity?

Answer 14

Cells, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere

Question 15

What is a virus?

Answer 15

A small particle that is able to infect living cells

Question 16

How does a virus reproduce?

Answer 16

It uses the host cell to reproduce new viruses

Question 17

What does a virus cause?

Answer 17

It can cause disease and illness in the host

Question 18

Why are viruses not classified as cells?

Answer 18

Viruses are not classified as cells because they do not carry out the 7 life processes

Question 19

Capsid

Answer 19

A protein coat that protects the genetic material of the virus

Question 20

Genetic Material

Answer 20

DNA or RNA can be single or double-stranded

Question 21

Lipid Envelope

Answer 21

Take from part of the host cell’s membrane as the virus burts out of the cell

Question 22

What are the components of a virus?

Answer 22

Capsid, Genetic Material, Lipid Envelope, Glycoprotein, and Matrix Protein

Question 23

Glycoprotein

Answer 23

Used to attach to the receptors of host cells

Question 24

Matrix Protein

Answer 24

Used to attach the capsid to the lipid envelope

Question 25

What are Bacteriophages?

Answer 25

Bacteriophages infect bacterial cells. They do not have the correct proteins to infect human cells.