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Geography - Landscapes, Rural And Urban Links, Tectonics > Unit 1 - Landscapes And Physical Processes > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Landscapes And Physical Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Topography

A

It shows how steep or fast our land is. It shows the contour lines. It also shows the depth and the shape

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2
Q

What are the main significant features of the Case Study of Snowdonia

A

Geology - Glaciers,Large Mountain Ranges,Diverse Landscaoe shaped by volcanic eruptions
Vegetation- Rare Species of Plants, Diverse range of plants and aninal life
Land use - shaped by slate mining, agriculture and forestry
People and Agriculture - welsh language, world heritage sites

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3
Q

Define AONBs

A

Area of outstanding natural beauty

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4
Q

Define NP

A

National Park

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5
Q

What is fetch?

A

How far a wave has travelled

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6
Q

How does a wave move forward to create fetch?

A

Waves are created by wind blowing over the surface of the sea
As the wind blows over the sea, friction is created producing a swell in the water
The energy of the wind causes water particles to rotate inside the swell
This make the waves move forward

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7
Q

What are the three things that the size and energy of a wave are influenced by

A

How long the wind has been blowing
The strength of the wind
How far it has travelled

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8
Q

What is swash?

A

When a wave breaks, water is washed up the beach

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9
Q

What is Backwash?

A

Then the water runs back down the beach

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10
Q

What happens with a constructive wave?

A

Swash is stronger than backwash

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11
Q

What happens with a destructive wave?

A

Backwash is stronger than swash

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12
Q

Three features of a constructive wave

A

Long wavelength and low on height
Created in calm weather and are less powerful
Break on the shore and deposit materials

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13
Q

Three features of a destructive wave

A

Short wave length and are high and steep
Tend to erode coasts
Occur when wave energy is high and the wave has travelled over a long fetch

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14
Q

What are the four types of coastal erosion

A

Hydraulic action
Attrition
Solution
Abrasion

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15
Q

Hydraulic action - Coastal

A

Air becomes trapped in joints and cracks on a cliff. When a wave breaks, the trapped air is compressed which weakens the cliff and causes erosion

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16
Q

Attrition - Coastal

A

Waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other and they break and become smoother

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17
Q

Solution - Coastal

A

Acids contained in seawater will dissolve some types of rocks such as chalk and limestone

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18
Q

Abrasion - Coastal

A

Bits of rock and sand in waves grind down cliff surfaces like sandpaper

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19
Q

Order of the headland

A

Crack
Cave
Arch
Stack
Stump

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20
Q

How is a wave cut platform creates?

A

The sea erodes the base of the cliff between high and low tide

Erosion causes a wave cut notch to form. This continues to cut deeper and deeper into the base of the cliff through processes such as abrasion and Hydraulic action.

This leaves huge sections of the cliff unsupported. The top is also weakened through weathering. Eventually gravity takes over and the cliff collapses

Some rocks from the base of the cliff are left behind.

21
Q

What are some Environmental challenges caused by humans along the glamorgan heritage coastline

A

Climate Change
Air Quality
Soil and Agriculture

22
Q

Some advantages of tourism

A

Jobs are created
Money from tourist can be used to protect the natural landscape
Greater demand for local food and crafts

23
Q

Some disadvantages of tourism

A

Jobs are often seasonal and poorly paid
Damage to natural environment
Culture and traditions are lost as outsiders arrive and expect certain services

24
Q

Define Honey Pot site

A

Is a location attracting a large number of tourists who due to their numbers place pressure on the environment.

25
Q

Name some social and economic changes in rural areas

A

New homes
Decline in services
Rural deportation
Competition from abroad
Job losses
House prices increase

26
Q

Define carrying capacity

A

The number of people, animals or crops, which a region can support without environmental damage

27
Q

Define weathering

A

When rock is exposed to certain conditions it becomes subject to processes that cause it to change and break down

28
Q

What are the three types of weathering

A

Freeze-Thaw
Biological
Chemical

29
Q

What happens in Freeze Thaw weathering

A
  1. Water collects in the rock Crack
  2. Water freezes and expands forcing the crack to widen
  3. Ice thaws contrasts and water gets deeper into cracks again
  4. Repeated expansion and contraction causes further cracks till rock splits
30
Q

What happens in Biological Weathering?

A
  1. Sometimes seeds get I to cracks in the rock and grow because it is sheltered
  2. As they grow bigger the roots push open the cracks and make them wider and deeper
  3. Pieces of rock start to fall away
31
Q

Define Transportation coastal

A

The movement of eroded material up and down, along the coast

32
Q

Define Deposition Coastal

A

When the sea loses energy, it drops the sand, rock particles and pebbles that it has been carrying, depositing them

33
Q

What is a discordant coastline?

A

Bands of rocks alternating between soft and hard

34
Q

What is concordance coastlines

A

Same type of rock along its length of a coastline

35
Q

Define Drainage Basin

A

Area of land around the river that is drained by the river and its tributes

36
Q

Define Confluence of a river

A

The point of which two rivers meet

37
Q

Define Tributary

A

A small river or stream that joins a large river

38
Q

Vertical erosion

A

When land is eroded so that the river gets deeper
Down

39
Q

Lateral erosion

A

When land is eroded so that the river gets wider

40
Q

What are the four types of transportation in rivers

A

Suspension
Traction
Solution
Saltation

41
Q

What is suspension

A

Lighter sediment is suspended within the water

42
Q

What is Traction

A

Large, Heavy pebbles are rolled along the river bed

43
Q

What is Saltation

A

Pebbles are bounced along the river bed

44
Q

What is Solution

A

The transport of dissolved chemicals

45
Q

Deposition in Rivers

A

When a river loses energy, it drops any of the material it has been carrying

46
Q

What are the factors leading to deposition

A

Shallow water
At the end of the rivers journey, at the rivers mouth
When the volume of the water decreases

47
Q

What features of a river can u find in the upper course

A

Reservoir
Gorge
Waterfalls
V-shapes valleys

48
Q

Features of the river at the middle course

A

Meanders
Ox-bow lakes

Geography - Landscapes, Rural And Urban Links, Tectonics (3 decks)

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