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World History > Unit 1 Key Concepts > Flashcards

Unit 1 Key Concepts Flashcards

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0
Q

Throughout the Paleolithic period, humans migrated from _______ to ______, _______, and ______

A

Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas

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1
Q

What does the term big geography draw attention to?

A

The global nature of world history

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2
Q

Were Early humans were mobile and creative in adapting to different geographical settings from savanna to desert to ice age tundra

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is egalitarian?

A

Equal

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4
Q

By making an analogy with modern hunter forager societies, anthropologists infer that these bands were relatively what?

A

Egalitarian

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5
Q

How did anthropologists infer that hunter gatherers were relatively egalitarian?

A

By making an analogy with modern hunter forager societies

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6
Q

Dd humans develop varied and sophisticated technologies?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Humans used fire in new ways. List three

A

To aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators, and to adapt to cold wncoronments

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8
Q

Economic structures focused on

A

Small kinship groups of hunting foraging bands that could make what they needed to sirvice

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9
Q

Were all groups self sufficient?

A

No

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10
Q

Groups exchanged what? (3)

A

People, ideas, and goods

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11
Q

Settled agriculture appeared I several parts of the world in response to what?

A

Warming climates after the last ice afe

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12
Q

What type of food supply did the switch to agriculture create?

A

A more reliable, less diverse food dipply

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13
Q

Agriculturalists had a massive impact on the environment through intensive cultivation o selected plants to the exclusion of others, through the construction of irrigation systems, and through the use of what for food and labor?

A

Domesticated abimals

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14
Q

Pastoralists emerged in parts of

A

Africa and eirasia

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15
Q

Did pastoral people domesticated animals and led their herds around grazing ranges.

A

Yes

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16
Q

Like agriculturalists, who tended to be more so Italy stratified than hunter gatherers?

A

Pastoral peoples

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17
Q

Why did pastoralists rarely accumulate large amounts of material possessions

A

Because the wre mobile and it would have been a hindrance when they changed grazing areas

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18
Q

Where did permanent agricultural villages emerge in first?

A

The lands of the eastern mediterranen

19
Q

Different crops or animals were domesticated in the various core regions, depending in what?

A

The available local flora and fauna

20
Q

How did pastoralism and agriculture lead to increase population?

A

They led to more reliable and abundant food supplies

21
Q

What led to specialization of labor, including artisans and warriors, and development of elites

A

Surpluses of food and other goods

22
Q

Technological innovations led to improvements in

A

Agricultural production, trade and transportation

23
Q

Examples of improvements in agricultural production, trade, and transportation (5)

A 
Pottery
Plows
Woven textiles
Metallurgy
Wheels and wheeled cehicles
24
Q

In both pastoralism and agrarian societies, elite groups accumulated wealth, creating what?

A

More hierarchical social structures and promoting patriarchal forms of social organixation

25
Q

The term civilization is normally used to designate what?

A

Large societies with cities and powerful states

26
Q

All civilizations produced what that permitted significant specialization of labor?

A

Agricultural surplises

27
Q

All civilizations contained cities and generated complex institutions such as what? (3)

A

Political bureaucracies, armies, and religious hierarchies

28
Q

Civilizations featured clearly stratified social hierarchies and organized what?

A

Lon distance reading relationships

29
Q

The accumulation of wealth in settled communities spurred what? This in turn led to the development o what

A

Warfare between communities and or with pastoralists; new technologies of war and urban defense

30
Q

Mesopotamia in what river valleys

A

Tigris and euphrates

31
Q

Egypt in what river valley?

A

Nile

32
Q

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa in what river valley?

A

Indus

33
Q

Shang in what river valley?

A

Yellow river or Huang He

34
Q

Olmecs located where?

A

Mesoamerica Chavin in Andean South America

35
Q

The first states emerged within what?

A

Core civilizations

36
Q

States were powerful new systems of rule that mobilized surplus labor and resources over large areas. Sadly states were often led by a _____ whose source of power was believed to be divine or had divine support and/or who was supported by the military

A

Ruler

37
Q

Early region of state expansion or empire building were (3)

A

Mesopotamia, Babylonia, and the Nile Valley

38
Q

_______plays a significant role in unifying state through laws, language, literature, religion, myths, and monumental art

A

Xukture

39
Q

Did elites promote arts and artisanship?

A

Yes

40
Q

Systems of record keeping arose independently in all early civilizations and subsequently were

A

Diffused

41
Q

States developed what, including the Code of Hammurabi, that reflected existing hierarchies and facilitated the rule of governments over people

A

Legal codes

42
Q

New religious beliefs developed in this period continued to have strong influences in

A

Later periods

43
Q

Examples of religious beliefs (3)

A

The Vedic religion
Hebrew monotheism
Zoraastrianism

44
Q

Examples of trade expansion from local to regional to transregional

A

Between Egypt and Nubia

Between Mesopotamia and the Indus calley

45
Q

Literature was a reflection of

A

Xulture

World History (12 decks)

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