Unit 1- IV Therapy

Question 1

Electrolytes

Answer 1

Important solutes in all body fluids. When dissolved in an aqueous solution they separate and become ions that are able to carry an electrical current.

Question 2

Cations

Answer 2

Positively charged electrolytes
(ie)
K, Na, Ca

Question 3

Anions

Answer 3

Negatively charged electrolytes

(Ie) Cl, HCO3, SO4

Question 4

Extracellular Fluid

Answer 4

All fluids outside the cell. Divide into 3 smaller compartments: interstitial, intravascular and transcellular.

Question 5

Interstitial

Answer 5

Includes lymph, this is the fluid between the cells and outside the blood vessels.

Question 6

Intracellular Fluid

Answer 6

This fluid is separated from other fluid by the epithelium. It includes cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, synovial fluid, and fluids from the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 7

Intravascular Fluid

Answer 7

This is blood plasma.

Question 8

Homeostasis

Answer 8

This is estimated for the bodies survival. Body fluids are regulated by fluid intake, hormonal controls, and fluid output in order to maintain homeostasis. The body is able to respond to changes in the ECF (extracellular fluid).

Question 9

Primary Hormone for Fluid Regualtion

Answer 9

Antidiuretic Hormone
Aldosterone
Natriuretic Peptides

Question 10

Osmolarity

Answer 10

The bodies electrolyte-water balance.

Reflecting the osmolar concentration in 1 L of solution. Often described as the fluid outside the body.

Question 11

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 11

Pulls fluid from cells, causing them to shrink.

Question 12

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 12

Moves fluid into cells causing them to enlarge.

Question 13

Isotonic Solution

Answer 13

Expands the body’s fluid volume without causing a fluid shift from one compartment to the other.

Question 14

Crystalloids Soultion

Answer 14

More common solution. Includes glucose, sodium chloride and lasted Ringers.
This solution can cross the semi-permeable membrane.

Question 15

3 Types of Crystalloids Soultions

Answer 15

Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic

Question 16

Colloids Soltions

Answer 16

Contain protein and starch.

Does not cross semi-permeable membrane, remains in the intravascular space.

Question 17

Peripheral

Answer 17

Upper extremities (hands and arms)

Question 18

Intraosseous Infusion

Answer 18

Used in emergencies and inserted into the modular cavity of a bone.
Safe for rapid administration.

Question 19

Saline Lock

Answer 19

Performed when a patient no inter requires infusion of the intravenous solution but you want o maintain intravenous access.

A SL needed to be flushed q12h with 3-5 mls of NS

Question 20

TKVO

Answer 20

To keep vein open
This is used when a IV is infusing but the patient is not requiring fluid replacement.
Rate is predetermined between 30-50ml.hr.

Question 21

Phlebitis

Answer 21

Inflammation of the vein. Caused by chemical and or mechanical irritation.
S&S: redness of site, site warm to touch, local swelling.
Treatment: remove the cannula

Question 22

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 22

Formation of a thrombus along with inflammation of the vein.
S&S: decreased flow rate, edema, warmth and erythema at the site. Visual red line about site.
To: DC IV, apply warm, moist compress.
Consult Physician

Question 23

Circulatory Overload

Answer 23

Too much fluid infused too fast
S&S: dyspnea, new onset crackles, restlessness, increased BP
Tx: raise HOB, decreased flow rate, take vitals and call physician

Question 24

Infection

Answer 24

Presence of microorganisms or their toxic products in the circulatory system.
S&S: fever, chills, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting, hypotension
Tx: stop infusion, remove cannula, obtain cultures, call physician

Question 25

Air Embolish

Answer 25

Introduction of the air into the vascular system
S&S: dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension, weak and rapid pulse, LOC, chest pain.
Tx: call for help, place in trendelenburg’s position on left side, o2, take vitals and call the physician.

Question 26

Catheter Embolism

Answer 26

A piece of the catheter breaks off and travels through the vascular system
S&S: sharp, sudden pain at the IV site, rough and uneven catheter noted on removal, cyanosis, chest pain, tachycardia, hypotension
Tx: apply pressure about insertion site, contact physician, measure remainder of catheter.

Question 27

Infiltration

Answer 27

Solution leaks out of the vein into the surrounding tissue
Also known as interstitial
S&S: swelling, pallor, pain and coolness around the IV site.
Tx: stop infusion. Remove cannula, apply warm compress. Elevate extremity. Restart new site.

Question 28

Extravastion

Answer 28

Infiltration of vesicant substance into the tissues
S&S: slowed to stopped flow, swelling, tenderness, pallor, hardness and coolness at the sister.
Tx: stop infusion, remove cannula, follow site policy.

Question 29

Dehydration

Answer 29

Excessive loss of body water.

Question 30

Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalance

Answer 30

An abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes of the body.
Electrolytes play an important role in homoeostasis in the body.

Question 31

Fluid Excess (overload)

Answer 31

The body contains an excess of fluid. The increased level of fluid result in excessive volume of fluid flowing around the circulatory system.
Leads to HF.

Question 32

Plasma

Answer 32

The liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid. This makes up about half the volume of blood. This contains antibodies and other proteins.