Unit 1 - Introduction to Psychology Flashcards
The science of behavior / mental processes
Psychology
Biological, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, psychoanalytical / psychodynamic, and sociocultural are the __________
6 approaches to psychology
Created by Edward Titchener, the study of parts of conscious experiences through self examination
Structuralism
William James created it, and it defines behavior / mental event in terms of the subject functions within, and how they adapt to their environment.
Functionalism
Created by Sigmund Freud, the idea that behavior is governed by unconscious motive / instincts, and all humans want to gain pleasure / avoid pain
Psychoanalysis
What is William Wundt known for?
-Created the first psychology textbook and laboratory
This psychological approach examines thoughts, feelings, and behaviors from a biological, and thus physical point of view
Biological approach
This psychological approach is concerned with how environmental factors (stimuli) affect observational behavior (response)
Behavioral approach
This psychological approach focuses on how we think by using the idea that thought processes affect behavior.
Cognitive approach
This psychological approach emphasizes the study of the whole person / AKA “phenomenological”
Humanistic approach
This psychological approach emphasizes the study of psychological forces that underline human behavior, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experience
Psychoanalytical / psychodynamic approach
This psychological approach examines the rules of the social groups and subgroups in which the individual is a member to understand human behavior / personality development
Sociocultural approach
What is the “I knew it all along” phenomenon called?
-Hindsight Bias
When your confidence in judgement is greater than the accuracy of the judgement
-Overconfidence
When you overestimate the normality of their beliefs / thoughts
-False assumptions
Explain the act of operationalizing the question
-When you take a general question about your subject and turn it into measurable, testable propositions
What type of research takes an in depth look at one individual, and over generalizes the research?
-Case study
What is natural observation?
-Watching behavior in a natural environment (spying)
A study is one in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment. particularly useful for preventing bias due to demand characteristics or the placebo effect.
Double-blind procedure
