Unit 1 (introduction)

Question 1

Linguistics

Answer 1

the study of language historically and currently, and how they work.

Question 2

What are the 3 Axes of Study? (6)

Answer 2

Synchronic/Diachronic, Theoretical/Applied, and Contextual/Independent.

Question 3

Synchronic

Answer 3

Stop time and examine the meaning of the present word.

Question 4

Diachronic

Answer 4

Go back in time and compare the present word to how it was used in the past.

Question 5

Theoretical

Answer 5

Studying universal aspects and frameworks.

Question 6

Applied

Answer 6

Applying the theory, such as teaching it or using it.

Question 7

Contextual

Answer 7

How language or a specific word/meaning fits into the world and society.

Question 8

Independent

Answer 8

Analyzing the language or word discreetly or in an isolated manner.

Question 9

What are the physiological components for capacity of language (speech organs)? (5)

Answer 9

Lungs, Vocal Folds (chords), tongue, teeth, nose.

Question 10

What are the three aspects of capacity of language?

Answer 10

Physiological, Perceptive, Cognitive.

Question 11

Language

Answer 11

A system of gestures, grammar, signs, sounds, symbols, and/or word that defines us as human.

Question 12

Creativity

Answer 12

What allows us to express and understand new/novel ideas.

Question 13

Grammar

Answer 13

intricate network of knowledge or a mental system that underlies our ability to use language.

Question 14

What are the five components of grammar.

Answer 14

Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics.

Question 15

Phonetics

Answer 15

The articulation and perception of speech.

Question 16

Phonology

Answer 16

Patters of speech sound.

Question 17

Morphology

Answer 17

Word formation.

Question 18

Syntax

Answer 18

Sentence structure.

Question 19

Semantics

Answer 19

Interpretation of words and sentences.

Question 20

What are the five features of grammar?

Answer 20

Generality, Universality, Parity, Mutability, and inaccessibility.

Question 21

Generality

Answer 21

All languages have a grammar, although they may differ.

Question 22

Parity

Answer 22

All grammars are equal (not one is better than the other).

Question 23

Universality

Answer 23

All grammars have similarities.

Question 24

Mutability

Answer 24

All grammars change over time.

Question 25

Inaccessibility

Answer 25

Grammatical knowledge is subconscious.

Question 26

Who is Ferdinand de Saussure

Answer 26

He established linguistics as a social science and created the grammatical system and started looking at language synchronically as it was mainly studied diachronically.

Question 27

Prescriptive

Answer 27

Correcting language or saying how it should be and how to fix it.

Question 28

Descriptive

Answer 28

the study/observation of language in both it’s past and current state (linguistics).

Question 29

Purists

Answer 29

Individuals and organizations who believe that certain varieties of language are better than others.

Question 30

Linguistic Competence

Answer 30

Allows us to determine the acceptability of language utterances.

Question 31

Homo-sapiens

Answer 31

The species of modern humans.