Unit 1 - Intro, Classification, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
What are the 3 names a medication will have?
Chemical, generic, brand/trade
What is a chemical name and what are they used for?
Chemical structure, used for scientific studies
What is a generic name and who is it used by?
shortened chemical name, used by health professionals
Who are drug brand names used by and provide 2 examples?
Given by pharmaceutical companies
Tylenol, Gravol
Define pharmacodynamics
What the drug does to the body
Define pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug
Define pharmacology
the study of drugs
Define drug classification systems
Effect (classified by effect produced), receptor (classified by receptor used by drug), precursor (classified by what molecules the drug is derived from)
What are the various systems for drug nomenclature (generic names)?
USAN, INN, BAN
What method of generic name drug nomenclature does Canada commonly use?
INN, however USAN is sometimes used.
What is toxicology?
undesirable effects of chemicals on biologic systems
What are the systems in pharmacokinetics?
Movement of drugs in body, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
What are the systems in pharmacodynamics?
Receptors, receptor sites, insert binding sites
What is involved in drug development and regulation?
Safety and efficacy, animal testing, clinical trials, patents and generic drugs
What are the 2 main types of adrenoreceptors?
Alpha and beta with subtypes a1, a2, b1, and b2
What is the function of agonists?
stimulates
What is the function of antagonists?
Inhibits or blocks
What are intrinsic sympathomimetics?
group of beta blockers able to stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors and oppose stimulating effects of catecholamines
What are catecholamines?
released into the blood in response to physical or emotional stress (eg. dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine)
What is Ritodrine?
Adrenergic beta-agonist used to control premature labour
What is Metoprolol?
Selective beta-1 blocker/antagonist
Used for the treatment of angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and hypertension
Define chronotropic?
Changes heart rate
What is inotropic?
Changes force or speed of contraction of muscles (typically heart)
What is cyclooxygenase (COX)?
rate-limiting enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2
PG H2 is a precursor for PGs, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes
What is an isoform?
any of two or more functionally similar proteins that have a similar but not identical amino acid sequence and are either encoded by different genes or by RNA transcripts from the same gene which have had different exons removed.
What is the difference between co-trimoxazole and clotrimazole?
Co-trimoxazole is used for bacterial infections while clotrimazole is prescribed as an antifungal.
Where are generic names listed?
Pharmacopoeias
Important pharmacodynamic properties
Affinity, efficacy, specificity
