UNIT 1: Intro Flashcards
Define Superior
Higher or upper; situated above
Define Inferior
Lower or below; situated below
Define Anterior
Front or forward part of the body
Define Posterior
Back or rear part of the body
What does Dorsal refer to?
Referring to the back or upper side
What does Ventral refer to?
Referring to the front or lower side
Define Lateral
Towards the side; away from the midline
Define Medial
Towards the midline; closer to the center
What does Proximal mean?
Closer to the point of attachment or origin
What does Distal mean?
Farther from the point of attachment or origin
Define Superficial
Located near the surface
Define Deep
Situated further inside, away from the surface
What does Cephalon/Cephalic refer to?
Referring to the head
What does Cervicis/Cervical refer to?
Referring to the neck
What is the Cranium?
The skull, enclosing the brain
What does Gluteal pertain to?
Pertaining to the buttocks
What does Oculus refer to?
Referring to the eye
What does Oris refer to?
Referring to the mouth
What does Otic/Auris relate to?
Relating to the ear
What does Planta/Plantar refer to?
Sole of the foot
What does Axilla/Axillary refer to?
Armpit region
What does Brachium/Brachial mean?
Upper arm
What does Antebrachium/Antebrachial refer to?
Forearm
What is the Carpus?
Wrist
What does Palma/Palmar refer to?
Palm of the hand
What is the Pollex?
Thumb
What is the Olecranon?
Point of the elbow
What does Bucca/Buccal mean?
Cheek
What does Mentis refer to?
Chin
What is the Umbilicus?
Navel or belly button
What does Mamma refer to?
Breast
What does Thoracis/Thorax refer to?
Chest
What does Lumbus/Lumbar refer to?
Lower back or loin
What does Dorsum refer to?
The back
What does Inguen refer to?
Groin
What is the Femur?
Thigh bone
What does Crus refer to?
Lower leg; occurs in a pair
What is the Patella?
Knee cap
What is the Pelvis?
Hip region
What is the Tarsus?
Ankle
What does Pes refer to?
Foot
What is the Popliteus?
Back of the knee
What does Sura/Sural refer to?
Calf of the leg
What is the Hallux?
Big toe
What does Frons/Frontal Region refer to?
The forehead area
What does Nasus/Nasal Region refer to?
The nose area
Where is the Abdomen located?
Between the chest (thorax) and pelvis
What is the Trunk?
Central part of the body
What does Antecubitis/Antecubital refer to?
Inner elbow or cubital fossa
What are Digits?
Fingers and toes; numbered 1 to 5 starting with the thumb (pollex or hallux)
What is Manus?
The hand
What does Pubis/Pubic Region refer to?
Area located at the front of the pelvis
What does Acromial refer to?
The highest point of the shoulder
What is the Upper limb?
Entire arm from the shoulder to the fingers
What is the Lower limb?
Entire leg from the hip to the toes
What is the Calcaneus?
The heel bone
What does the Midsagittal Plane do?
Divides the body into equal left and right halves
What does the Parasagittal Plane do?
Divides the body into unequal left and right portions
What does the Frontal/Coronal Plane do?
Divides the body into front and back portions
What does the Transverse Plane do?
Divides the body into upper and lower portions
What does the Cranial Cavity house?
The brain
What does the Spinal Cavity house?
The spinal cord
What does the Thoracic Cavity contain?
Heart and lungs
What does the Pleural Cavity surround?
The lungs
What does the Pericardial Cavity surround?
The heart
What is the Mediastinum?
Central compartment of the thoracic cavity
What is the Abdominopelvic Cavity?
Combined abdominal and pelvic cavities
What does the Visceral Pericardium cover?
Inner layer covering the heart
What does the Parietal Pericardium form?
Outer layer forming the sac around the heart
What does the Visceral Pleura cover?
Inner layer covering the lungs
What does the Parietal Pleura line?
Outer layer lining the thoracic cavity
What does the Visceral Peritoneum cover?
Inner layer covering abdominal organs
What does the Parietal Peritoneum line?
Outer layer lining the abdominal cavity
What is the Hair Shaft?
Visible part of a hair strand
What is a Hair Follicle?
Structure from which hair grows
What does the Sebaceous Gland produce?
Sebum (skin oil)
What is the function of the Apocrine Gland?
Sweat gland associated with hair follicles
What does the Eccrine Gland do?
Regulates body temperature
What are Tactile Corpuscles?
Sensory receptors for touch
What are Lamellated Corpuscles?
Sensory receptors for pressure and vibration
What does the Arrector Pili Muscle do?
Responsible for hair erection
What is the Stratum Basale (Germinativum)?
Deepest layer of the epidermis
What does the Stratum Spinosum contain?
Keratinocytes
What is the Stratum Granulosum?
Layer of the epidermis with granular cells
What is the Stratum Lucidum?
Clear layer found in thick skin
What is the Stratum Corneum?
Outermost layer of the epidermis
What are Dermal Papillae?
Small, finger-like projections in the dermis
What are Epidermal Ridges?
Raised portions of the epidermis; fingerprints
Name and describe the planes and how they divide the body
Saggital, Coronal, Transverse
Describe the differences between flagella, cilia, and microvilli
cilia and flagella are primarily used for movement, while microvilli are designed to increase surface area for absorption; cilia are typically shorter and more numerous than flagella, which are usually longer and present in smaller numbers on a cell
What and where are the 9 abdominal sections?
(Top to Bottom)
Right: right hypochondrial, right lumbar, right iliac
Middle: epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric
Left: left hypochondrial, left lumbar, left iliac
What organs are involved in the right hypochondrial?
liver, gallbladder, kidney, small intestine, large intestine
What organs are involved in the right lumbar?
right kidney, small intestine, ascending colon
What organs are involved in the right iliac?
ascending colon, cecum, small intestine, appendix, A&V
What organs are involved in the epigastric region?
liver, stomach + duodenum, pancreas, spleen
What organs are involved in the umbilical region?
small intestine, duodenum, transverse colon
What organs are involved in the hypogastric region?
small intestine, sigmoid colon, bladder, rectum
What organs are involved in the left hypochondrial region?
liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, left kidney, large intestine, small intestine
What organs are involved in the left lumbar region?
left kidney, small intestine, descending colon
What organs are involved in the left iliac region?
descending colon, sigmoid colon, small intestine
What organs are involved in the RUQ?
liver, stomach + duodenum, gallbladder, right kidney, pancreas, transverse colon, right adrenal gland
What organs are involved in the RLQ?
cecum, large intestine, appendix, right ureter, right reproductive organs
What organs are involved in the LUQ?
liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, left kidney, small intestine, transverse colon
What organs are involved in the LLQ?
small intestine, large intestine, sigmoid colon, left reproductive organs, left ureter
Name the body cavities & describe where they are
Cranial cavity
Vertebral cavity
Dorsal body cavity (cranial + vertebral)
Thoracic Cavity:
- Mediastinum (including super mediastinum)
- Pleural cavity
- Pericardial cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
Abdomniopelvic cavity (abdominal + pelvic)
Ventral body cavity (thoracic + abdomniopelvic)
