UNIT 1: Body Systems Flashcards
What are the levels of structural organization of the human body?
[Pyramid (top to bottom)]
Chemical Level: hydrogen atoms + oxygen atom
Water Molecule
Cellular Level: variety of molecules combine to form the fluid and organelles of a body cell
Tissue Level: a community of similar cells form a body tissue
Organ Level: two+ different tissues combine to form an organ
Organ System Level: two+ organs work closely together to perform the functions of a body system
Organismal Level: Many organ systems work harmoniously together to perform the functions of an independent organism
Integumentary System
Parts: hair, skin, nails
Function:
- encloses internal body structures
- site of many sensory receptors
*line inside and outside of body
Skeletal System
Parts: cartilage, bones, joints
Function:
- Supports the body
- Enables movement (with muscular system)
*connective tissue
Muscular System
Parts: skeletal muscles, tendons
- Enables movement (w skeletal system)
- Helps maintain body temp
Nervous System
Parts: brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Function:
- detects and processes sensory information
- activates bodily responses
*neural tissue
*2 parts: peripheral & brain + spinal
Endocrine System
Parts: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes/ovaries
Function:
- secretes hormones
- regulate bodily processes
*estrogen, testosterone
Cardiovascular System
Parts: heart, blood vessels
Function:
- delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
- equalizes temp in the body
*directly related to respiratory system
Lymphatic System
Parts: thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels (brings fluid around the system)
Function:
- Returns fluid to blood
- Defends against pathogens
Respiratory System
Parts: Nasal passage, Trachea, Lungs (gas exchange)
Function:
- removes carbon dioxide from the body
- delivers oxygen to blood
* directly related to cardiovascular system
Digestive System
Parts: mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gall bladder (stores bile), large intestine (absorbs water), small intestine
Function:
- processes food for use by the body
- removes waste from undigested food
Urinary System
Parts: kidneys (diffuse uria), urinary bladder
Function:
- controls water balance in the body
- removes wastes from blood and excretes them
Male Reproductive System
Parts: epididymis, testes
Function:
- produces sex hormones and gametes
- delivers gametes to female
Female Reproductive System
Parts: mammary glands, ovaries, uterus
Function:
- produces sex hormones and gametes
- supports embryo/fetus until birth
- produces milk for infant
