Unit 1 - Infection Disease in 21st Century

Question 1

what is the most reliable source of information in the US for infectious disease? how is it published?

Answer 1

CDC

• acquires info from many sources and makes data available within 2 years
• weekly reports (morbidity and morality weekly report) and annual reports (more reliable)

Question 2

reportable VS notifiable conditions?

Answer 2

reportable (black color): one where every case must be reported at the state level
notifiable (red color): data must be forwarded to the CDC regularly, frequently, and timely

Question 3

how are CDC data reported?

Answer 3

by actual numbers and incidence (per 100,000), but not prevalence

Question 4

what happens if conditions are non-reportable?

Answer 4

CDC operates surveillance systems to provide estimates

Question 5

incidence of:

• measles
• pneumonia
• AIDS
• influenza (lab-confirmed hospital admissions)
• gonorrhea
• common cold

Answer 5

measles: 0-1
pneumonia: 10
AIDS: 13
influenza: 25
gonorrhea: 100
common cold: 25,000

rate/100,000

Question 6

what two infectious diseases are increasing in incidence with unknown reasons?

Answer 6

pertussis and legionella

Question 7

what was SARS attributed to? where did it begin? how many infections? how many deaths?

Answer 7

Civet coronovirus that mutated and adapted to humans

• began in China, spread to Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Canada
• 8000 infections worldwide, 800 deaths

Question 8

what was swine flu attributed to? where did it begin? how many infections? how many deaths?

Answer 8

triple-recombination between humans and animal influenza viruses

• began in Mexico, spread world-wide despite quarantine/isolation efforts
• 250,000 infections worldwide, 12000 deaths

Question 9

what was MERS attributed to? where did it begin? how many infections? how many deaths?

Answer 9

a coronovirus that appeared in June 2011 (began in camels and bats)

• started in Saudi Arabia and spread to neighboring countries
• 100 deaths

Question 10

how is type 2 diabetes like an infectious disease?

Answer 10

modification of microbiome of experimental animals can induce T2D

• patients have differences in intestinal microorganisms, but no specific pathogens found yet
• transmission resembles infection condition