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Clinical Neurology > Unit 1: Headaches > Flashcards

Unit 1: Headaches Flashcards

Types of Headaches

1
Q

What type of spontaneous non-traumatic headache has the following symptoms: nuchal rigidity, vomiting and is said to be “worse ever”?

A

Subarachnoid

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2
Q

a. What is the triad for meningitis?

b. What other symptom can be observed with this type of headache?

A

a. Nuchal rigidity, sudden high fever and altered mental status
b. vomiting

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3
Q

Lumbar puncture aka is

A

Low-pressure Headache

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4
Q

What type of HA has CSF leakage from site of injury and described as a feeling of Dull/Throbbing.

A

Lumbar Puncture AKA Low-Pressure headache

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5
Q

What headache is associated with Kernig sign/Brudzinski’s sign and is fatal if untreated?

A

Meningitis

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6
Q

Berry aneurisms (congenital), anterior-vensous rupture and loss of pupillary light reflect are associated w/what type of HA?

A

Subarachnoid

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7
Q

What are the symptoms observed in Giant Cell Arteritis?

A

unilateral temporal pain
visual disturbances
diplopia insidious onset

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8
Q

What HA is associated with polymyalagia rheumatic (all joints hurt), kit provoked by anything touching the Temporal artery?

A

Giant cell arteritis

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9
Q

a. Name the condition would you expect to see elevated ESR, ALP and CRP on lab work?
b. What is the gold standard for this DX?

A

a. Giant cell arteritis

b. Biopsy; Halo sign on ultrasound

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10
Q

What headache has generalized pain that occurs every few days and is worse in the a.m?

A

Hypertension HA

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11
Q

What HA is 90% genetic, made worse with estrogen in females and has subtle changes?

A

Migraine

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12
Q

Classic migraine must have what lasting up to 60 mins?

A

it must have a Reversible aura

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13
Q

What is the triad symptoms for a classic migraine?

A

Aura, photophobia and nausea

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14
Q

What is the difference between a classic migraine and a common migraine?

A

Common migraines do NOT have an aura and is provoked by stress/alcohol and last up to 3 days.

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15
Q

Rebound HA are also known as

A

Medication overuse HA

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16
Q

A pt frequently taking meds or drinking caffeine may experience anxiety, memory problems and irritability from what type of HA?

A

Medication overuse HA (MOH) aka Rebound HA

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17
Q

This HA has a male predilection (pt in his 20s) and occurs same time of day/night.

A

Cluster HA

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18
Q

What HA is episodic lasting weeks to months w/remissions months to years? Pt might say it feels deep, constant, piercing around one eye.

A

cluster HA

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19
Q

Horner’s Syndrome is a rare condition. a. What is it characterized by? b. What can be observed?

A

a. miosis (constriction of the pupil),

b. ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid), and anhidrosis (absence of sweating of the face).

20
Q

a. Which HA is worse at the end of the day?

b. What regions of the brain does this condition effect?

A

a. Tension HA

b. effects Frontal/Temporal. it can also cause tachycardia

21
Q

Tension headaches have what type of treatment?

A

over the counter meds and ADJ’s

22
Q

What HA has its source of pain on one side of the neck and effects the occulofrontal region of the brain?

A

Cervicogenic HA

23
Q

Which HA is associated with CN XI, C1-4 (MC C2).

A

Cervicogenic HA

24
Q

Cervicogenic HA must have to be diagnosed?

A

Postural distortions

25
Q

What headache is provoked by bending down and can have pain in the low back?

A

Dehydration HA

26
Q

Which HA generally viral lasting less than 10 days but can be bacterial if it last longer than 10 days?

A

Sinusitis. symptoms are facial pain over sinuses

27
Q

Sinusitis HA MC effects what sinus?

A

maxillary

28
Q

What is known as the suicide disease or tic douloureux during these sever attacks?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

29
Q

What is the cornerstone diagnostic testing of meningitis?

A

CSF/Lumbar puncture

30
Q

Spinal cord tumors are best seen on

A

MRI

31
Q

Name the condition commonly associated with polymyalgia rheumatic.

A

Giant cell (Temporal) arteritis

32
Q

Name the risk for a lumbar puncture

A

headache
infection
lumbar nerve damage
bleeding into spinal cord

33
Q

An acute onset of a headache has what time and intensity?

A

Acute
Time: onset w/I 2-3 dys max
Intensity: severe

34
Q

A subacute onset of a headache has what time and intensity?

A

Subacute
Time: onset wks-months, may be acute presentation
Intensity: Not as severe

35
Q

A chronic onset of a headache has what time and intensity?

A

Chronic/Recurrent
Time: onset usually years
Intensity: varied

36
Q

According to lecture material, most HA’s are the result of

A

vaso-dilation and vaso-constrictive events

37
Q

What are the 4 categories or causes of HA?

A

neuromuscular events
tension/cervical spine dz
metabolic
miscellaneous

38
Q

HA’s can be characterized or described as

A

pulsating, tightness, dull and steady, sharp/lancinating (cutting, piercing, or stabbing), ice pick

39
Q

What are some associated symptoms for HA?

A

weight loss, fever/chills, dyspnea, visual disturbances, nausea/vomiting, photophobia

40
Q

Physical exam for HA: Respiratory insufficiency can cause elevated what

A

intracranial pressure

41
Q

Tachycardia can occur with pt’s experiencing

A

anxiety, tension, tension HA

42
Q

What conditions has the classic symptom of a “thunder clap”, “like being kicked in the head” or the “worst ever” over the matter of secs to mins?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

43
Q

Pulsating towards occiput, vomiting, confusion, orbital pain, visual loss/diplopia and seizures are symptoms seen with what dz?

A

Subacrachnoid hemorrhage

44
Q

What condition can occur d/t rupture of arterial venous malformation and damage to anterior or middle meningeal artery and what will be loss?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage and visual loss/diplopia

45
Q

Which is worse an arterial venous malformation HA or Berry aneurysm HA?

A

Berry aneurysm HA

Clinical Neurology (9 decks)

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