Movement Disorders

Question 1

What is the aka for Movement disorder?

Answer 1

extra-pyramidal disorder

Question 2

Movement disorders impair the regulation of what type of activity? Note, this does NOT directly affect strength or sensation.

Answer 2

voluntary motor

Question 3

Name the 2 types of movement disorders.

Answer 3

1. Hyperkinetic- heightened, uncontrollable involuntary

2. Hypokinetic- decreased function or mobility

Question 4

What are is dysfunctional areas within movement disorders?

Answer 4

Deep subcortical grey matter termed Basal ganglia

Question 5

Define the term tremor.

Answer 5

rhythmic repetitive involuntary movement

Question 6

Name the 3 types of tremors?

Answer 6

1. Postural- sustained posture
2. intention- movements
3. Resting (static)- limb at rest and decrease w/movement

Question 7

a. Define Chorea

b. Its characterized by rapid irregular what?

Answer 7

a. abnormal involuntary movement

b. repetitive jerkings effecting limb and axial muscle

Question 8

a. Is chorea hyper- or hypo- kinetic?

b. What conditions have the ability to cause chorea?

Answer 8

a. hyper

b. Huntington’s, Hyper-thyroidism, SLE and Encephalitis

Question 9

What term is described as a unilateral violent explosive movement of proximal limbs. Hint this term is usually caused by vascular disorders.

Answer 9

Hemiballismus

Question 10

What is the most common condition describes a time when people encounter while falling asleep (hypnic jerk)?

Answer 10

Myoclonus

note: usually affects face, oral cavity and limbs

Question 11

The jerking affects on the diaphragm aka hiccups are what type of movement?

Answer 11

myoclonic jerk

Question 12

A pt with Cerebellum ataxic gait feet and stance will be what?

Answer 12

Wide

Question 13

a. Ataxic gait from the cerebellum will show kind of step. b. In which direction will the truck sway?

Answer 13

a. jerky, unsure, varied size

b. Forward

Question 14

Ataxic sensory gait will appear normal w/eye _a__ but usually ‘_b__’ on the ground.

Answer 14

a. open

b. stomp

Question 15

Upon examination a sensory ataxic gait reveals ___ Romberg’s test and impaired ___ sense.

Answer 15

positive

joint position

Question 16

Legs are extended, toes forced downward, abduction and circumduction at the hip keeps toes from catching describes what type of gait?

Answer 16

Hemiplegic gate

Question 17

Scissor-like posture is a product of what type of gait?

Answer 17

Hemiplegic gate

note is also has strong adduction at hips in paraplegia

Question 18

A pt can have a normal appearing gait, mild weakness but shoe sole has what?

Answer 18

excessive wear on outer front part. note seen in hemiplegic gait

Question 19

Which condition has a hard time initiating walking, leans forward, then hurries to catch up with short/shuffling steps.

Answer 19

Parkinsonian gait

Question 20

LMN weakness of the pre-tibial and peroneal muscles produce this gait disorder

Answer 20

Steppage gait

Question 21

Affected leg is lifted high allowing toes to clear the ground. When bilateral, resembles a high stepping horse.

Answer 21

Steppage gait

Question 22

What gait type is called waddling and characteristic of muscle disease? The trunk and pelvic weakness results in ___ fixation while walking.

Answer 22

myopathic

Sway back, potbellied

Question 23

What’s the ave onset age for Parkinson dz?

Answer 23

50-60 yrs old mc in Males

Question 24

Parkinson’’s is d/t the death of dopamine-generating cells in the what part of the midbrain?

Answer 24

substantial nigra

Question 25

The presence of what is diagnostic of Parkinson’s dz?

Answer 25

Lewy bodies- abnormal aggregates of protein inside nerve cells

Question 26

What are the initial complaints of Parkinson’s?

Answer 26

aches and pains

Question 27

Tremors early on in Parkinson’s develop where first?

Answer 27

unilateral in upper limbs

Question 28

Tremors in Parkinson’s occurs at __ and improves with ___.

Answer 28

rest

movement

Question 29

Parkinson’s rigidity predominates in the ___ muscles of the neck, trunk, and limbs and results in a flexed posture.

Answer 29

flexor

Question 30

Name the condition that has a mask like appearance.

Answer 30

Parkinson’s

note term used is Bradykinesia

Question 31

What muscles are affected by Parkinson’s?

Answer 31

muscle of mastication, speech, voluntary swallowing, and muscle of the trunk and limbs

Question 32

Name the ADL’s (motor S/S) affected by Parkinson’s disease

Answer 32

small writing, shuffled gait, flexed posture, hard to initiate movements, loss of upward gaze and eye convergence, greasy skin/excessive seating, Depression, confused state, dementia (30-40 percent)

Question 33

The MC initial finding of Parkinson’s disease what?

Answer 33

a resting tremor in upper extremity

Question 34

What are the 4 cardinal signs of Parkinson’s?

Answer 34

Resting tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Postural instability-late finding

Question 35

Which of the 3 of the 4 cardinal signs are required to diagnose Parkinson’s?

Answer 35

Resting tremor
rigidity
bradykinesisa

Question 36

Axial posture becomes progressively more what with a shorten stride?

Answer 36

flexed