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Clinical Neurology > Movement Disorders > Flashcards

Movement Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aka for Movement disorder?

A

extra-pyramidal disorder

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2
Q

Movement disorders impair the regulation of what type of activity? Note, this does NOT directly affect strength or sensation.

A

voluntary motor

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3
Q

Name the 2 types of movement disorders.

A
  1. Hyperkinetic- heightened, uncontrollable involuntary

2. Hypokinetic- decreased function or mobility

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4
Q

What are is dysfunctional areas within movement disorders?

A

Deep subcortical grey matter termed Basal ganglia

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5
Q

Define the term tremor.

A

rhythmic repetitive involuntary movement

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6
Q

Name the 3 types of tremors?

A
  1. Postural- sustained posture
  2. intention- movements
  3. Resting (static)- limb at rest and decrease w/movement
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7
Q

a. Define Chorea

b. Its characterized by rapid irregular what?

A

a. abnormal involuntary movement

b. repetitive jerkings effecting limb and axial muscle

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8
Q

a. Is chorea hyper- or hypo- kinetic?

b. What conditions have the ability to cause chorea?

A

a. hyper

b. Huntington’s, Hyper-thyroidism, SLE and Encephalitis

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9
Q

What term is described as a unilateral violent explosive movement of proximal limbs. Hint this term is usually caused by vascular disorders.

A

Hemiballismus

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10
Q

What is the most common condition describes a time when people encounter while falling asleep (hypnic jerk)?

A

Myoclonus

note: usually affects face, oral cavity and limbs

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11
Q

The jerking affects on the diaphragm aka hiccups are what type of movement?

A

myoclonic jerk

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12
Q

A pt with Cerebellum ataxic gait feet and stance will be what?

A

Wide

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13
Q

a. Ataxic gait from the cerebellum will show kind of step. b. In which direction will the truck sway?

A

a. jerky, unsure, varied size

b. Forward

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14
Q

Ataxic sensory gait will appear normal w/eye _a__ but usually ‘_b__’ on the ground.

A

a. open

b. stomp

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15
Q

Upon examination a sensory ataxic gait reveals ___ Romberg’s test and impaired ___ sense.

A

positive

joint position

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16
Q

Legs are extended, toes forced downward, abduction and circumduction at the hip keeps toes from catching describes what type of gait?

A

Hemiplegic gate

17
Q

Scissor-like posture is a product of what type of gait?

A

Hemiplegic gate

note is also has strong adduction at hips in paraplegia

18
Q

A pt can have a normal appearing gait, mild weakness but shoe sole has what?

A

excessive wear on outer front part. note seen in hemiplegic gait

19
Q

Which condition has a hard time initiating walking, leans forward, then hurries to catch up with short/shuffling steps.

A

Parkinsonian gait

20
Q

LMN weakness of the pre-tibial and peroneal muscles produce this gait disorder

A

Steppage gait

21
Q

Affected leg is lifted high allowing toes to clear the ground. When bilateral, resembles a high stepping horse.

A

Steppage gait

22
Q

What gait type is called waddling and characteristic of muscle disease? The trunk and pelvic weakness results in ___ fixation while walking.

A

myopathic

Sway back, potbellied

23
Q

What’s the ave onset age for Parkinson dz?

A

50-60 yrs old mc in Males

24
Q

Parkinson’’s is d/t the death of dopamine-generating cells in the what part of the midbrain?

A

substantial nigra

25
Q

The presence of what is diagnostic of Parkinson’s dz?

A

Lewy bodies- abnormal aggregates of protein inside nerve cells

26
Q

What are the initial complaints of Parkinson’s?

A

aches and pains

27
Q

Tremors early on in Parkinson’s develop where first?

A

unilateral in upper limbs

28
Q

Tremors in Parkinson’s occurs at __ and improves with ___.

A

rest

movement

29
Q

Parkinson’s rigidity predominates in the ___ muscles of the neck, trunk, and limbs and results in a flexed posture.

A

flexor

30
Q

Name the condition that has a mask like appearance.

A

Parkinson’s

note term used is Bradykinesia

31
Q

What muscles are affected by Parkinson’s?

A

muscle of mastication, speech, voluntary swallowing, and muscle of the trunk and limbs

32
Q

Name the ADL’s (motor S/S) affected by Parkinson’s disease

A

small writing, shuffled gait, flexed posture, hard to initiate movements, loss of upward gaze and eye convergence, greasy skin/excessive seating, Depression, confused state, dementia (30-40 percent)

33
Q

The MC initial finding of Parkinson’s disease what?

A

a resting tremor in upper extremity

34
Q

What are the 4 cardinal signs of Parkinson’s?

A

Resting tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Postural instability-late finding

35
Q

Which of the 3 of the 4 cardinal signs are required to diagnose Parkinson’s?

A

Resting tremor
rigidity
bradykinesisa

36
Q

Axial posture becomes progressively more what with a shorten stride?

A

flexed

Clinical Neurology (9 decks)

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