Unit 1 Global Climate Change Pt. 3 Flashcards
energy
Energy: is defined as the capacity to do work.
work
Work: is the movement of an object after the application of a force.
kinetic energy
Kinetic energy: is the energy of motion, such as when a child moves down a slide.
potential energy
Potential energy: is the energy an object has due to its location or structure such as the energy contained by a child poised at the top of the slide.
Stored potential energy can be released and converted to other forms of energy.
chemical energy
Chemical energy: potential energy that is stored in the bonds that hold atoms together as molecules.
- Living organisms can break these bonds, releasing the stored energy.
- The released chemical energy can then be put to work powering life’s functions.
- High energy molecule called ATP is a common energy currency in living cells.
- Breaking a bond in ATP results in one molecule of ADP and one phosphate group
heat
Heat: the amount of kinetic energy contained in the movement of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form.
entropy
Entropy: amount of disorder within a system. One form of disorder is heat.
Organisms use cellular respiration to burn the energy stored in sugars to fuel life
the chemical ingredients for photosynthesis are..
The chemical ingredients for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis is when a producer captures energy from sunlight and converts it to chemical energy.
chloroplasts
Chloroplasts (organelle) found in the cells of plants and algae use light energy to rearrange the atoms of these ingredients, producing sugars and other organic molecules.
byproducts of photosynthesis are
Byproducts of photosynthesis are oxygen gas (O2) and heat which are released into the environment.
cellular respiration
Cellular respiration: the energy-releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose/sugar, and the storage of potential energy in a form that cells can use to perform work.
the chemical ingredients for cellular respiration are
The chemical ingredients for cellular respiration are sugars and oxygen (O2)
mitochondria
Mitochondria: breaks the chemical bonds in sugar, releasing energy that can be used to produce many copies of a molecule called ATP.
photosynthesis
Photosynthesis: a producer, such as a planet, uses water, carbon dioxide and the energy in sunlight to produce sugars/energy.
where does most of the chemical reactions of photosynthesis take place?
within the chloroplasts
grana and thylakoid
Grana: Chloroplasts have an extensive inner framework of membranes folded into stacks of disks which gives it a large surface area where these reactions can take place.
- Each individual disk is called a thylakoid.
chlorophyll
Chlorophyll: is the primary pigment, the light-absorbing molecule, in chloroplasts. Plays a central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy.
where does water and carbon dioxide enter producers/plants?
Water is absorbed by the roots of most plants and carbon dioxide enters through tiny pores called stomata (singular) which are found mainly on the undersides of leaves.
photosynthesis occurs in two stages (define them and explain each step)
Step 1: Light reactions: capture sunlight and produce high-energy molecules.
- Molecules of chlorophyll within thylakoid absorb energy from sunlight and the energy is used to split water which then produces oxygen gas and high energy electrons. Energy from the sun is also used to produce high-energy ATP molecules.
- NADPH: is a molecule that acts as a high-energy electron shuttle. It is produced from a lower-energy form called NADP+
Step 2: Calvin cycle: uses the high-energy molecules to produce sugar from carbon dioxide (CO2).
- The high-energy products of the light reactions–electrons and energy are used to make sugar from CO2.
ecological footprint
Ecological footprint: is an estimate of the area of land and water required to sustain one person.
- Humans consume a disproportionate amount of food and fuel and have an overabundance of goods. Too much that the planet cannot support our desires.
conservation biology
Conservation biology seeks to investigate and reverse the loss of biodiversity by sustaining ecosystems and maintaining the genetic diversity that is the raw material for evolutionary adaptation.
restoration ecology
Restoration ecology: uses ecological principles to help repair degraded areas.
bioremediation
Bioremediation: the use of living organisms to detoxify polluted ecosystems.
EX: using plants to detoxify the environment
sustainable development
Sustainable development: the responsible management and conservation of Earth’s resources. The goal is to maintain the productivity of Earth;s ecosystems indefinitely.
