Unit 1 Foundations of US Government Flashcards

0
Q

Any sizable group of people who are united by common bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, and sometimes, religion

A

Nation

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1
Q

A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the power to make and enforce laws without approval of higher authority.

A

State

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2
Q

A country in which the territory of both the nation and the state coincide

A

Nation- State

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3
Q

Trade among the states

A

Interstate Commerce

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4
Q

Not sanctioned by law

A

Extralegal

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5
Q

Capitalists who own the means of production in industrialized nations

A

Bourgeoisie

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6
Q

Workers who work to produce the goods in industrialized nations

A

Proletariat

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7
Q

Developed from socialism; a type of government where one class evolves, property would all be held in common, with a command economy.

A

Communism

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8
Q

An economic system where decisions, such as what to produce, how much to produce, and how to distribute what is produced, are made at the upper levels of government and handed down to managers.

A

Command Economy

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9
Q

Gives all key powers to the national or central government

A

Unitary system

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10
Q

Divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial government

A

Federal System

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11
Q

A loose union of independent states

A

Confederacy

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12
Q

A plan that provides the rules for government

A

Constitution

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13
Q

Economic system in which freedom of choice and individual incentive for workers, investors, con-sumers, and business enterprises is emphasized. Also called: Free enterprise

A

Capitalism

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14
Q

The philosophy that government should keep its hands off the economy.

A

Laissez-faire

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15
Q

Economic system in which buyers and sellers make free choices in the marketplace

A

free market

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16
Q

An economic system in which the government owns the basic means of production, distributes the products and wages, and provides social services such as health care and welfare

A

socialism

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17
Q

Refers to a government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern

A

Constitutional government

18
Q

A statement that sets forth the goals and purposes to be served by the government

A

Preamble

19
Q

Involves a interpretation and application of the constitution. Primarily concerns defining the extent and limits of government power and the rights of citizens

A

Constitutional law

20
Q

The effort to control or influence the conduct and policies of government

A

Politics

21
Q

Have generally large industries and advanced technology that provide a more comfortable way of life than developing nations

A

Industrialized Nations

22
Q

Nations beginning to develop

A

Developing Nations

23
Q

Signed in 1215, established the principles of The Limited Government.

A

Magna Carta

24
Q

A government in which people elect delegates to make laws and conduct government

A

Representative Government

25
Q

Equal amount of power between Judicial, Legistlative, and executive powers

A

Separation of power

26
Q

The study of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants through the use of limited resources
(Resources: natural materials- land, water, minerals, trees; and human factors- skills, knowledge, physical capabilities)

A

Economics

27
Q

An agreement about basic beliefs

A

Consensus

28
Q

The supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries

A

Sovereignty

29
Q

The institution through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces binding decisions on citizens

A

Government

30
Q

Theory that by contract, people surrender to the state the power needed to maintain order in the state, in turn, agrees to protect its citizens

A

Social Contract

31
Q

What is a congress that is only single-chamber?

A

Unicameral

32
Q

The 13 colonial states ———, or approved, the Articles of Confederation.

A

Ratified

33
Q

The colonial states ——— their claims of land to the government to unify the nation.

A

Ceded

34
Q

Congress enacted two land ———, or laws, to organize its territories.

A

Ordinances

35
Q

One of the ordinances, called the ———, was enacted in 1787 to ensure new states would have similar statehood as the others.

A

North West Ordinance

36
Q

Tax paid in order to vote

A

Poll tax

37
Q

Any system of government in which the power and authority to rule are in the hands of a single individual.

A

autocracy

38
Q

A king, queen, or emperor exercises the supreme powers of government.

A

monarchy

39
Q

any system of government in which a small group holds power.

A

oligarchy

40
Q

any system of government in which rule is by the people.

A

democracy

41
Q

voters hold sovereign power. Elected representatives who are responsible to the people exercise that power.

A

republic

42
Q

Group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy.

A

political party

43
Q

The opportunity to control ones economic decisions provides a base for making independent political decisions.

A

free enterprise