Unit 1 foundations of gov't Flashcards

1
Q

participatory democracy

A

a model of democracy in which citizens have the power to decide directly on policy and politicians are responsible for implementing those policy decisions; public influence

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2
Q

civil society groups

A

NGOs used for social change

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3
Q

pluralist theory

A

the theory that power shared between many groups produces the best outcomes in society and government.

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4
Q

elitist theory

A

suggests a small group of elites holds the majority of power and influence in society, often overshadowing the general population in decision-making processes.

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5
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

equal representation to all states in congress; unicameral legislative branch; No independent executive or judiciary
GOAL: avoid tyranny

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6
Q

Shays’s Rebellion

A

uprising against the Articles of confederations lead by Daniel shays; Illustrated the weakness of the Articles and led many skeptics to agree to replace the Articles of Confederation

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7
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

a convention called to come a consensus on a constitution; created our constitution

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8
Q

writ of habeas corpus

A

the right of people detained by the government to know the charges against them

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9
Q

bills of attainder

A

when legislature declares someone guilty without a trial

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10
Q

ex post facto laws

A

laws punishing people for acts that were not crimes at the time they were committed

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11
Q

Virginia Plan

A

3-branch government with a bicameral legislature
Larger states had more representation in both chambers
Lower house: elected directly by the people
Upper house: nominated by state legislatures and chosen by lower house

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12
Q

new jersey plan

A

unicameral legislature where every state gets one vote

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13
Q

Great (Connecticut) Compromise

A

Bicameral (two house) legislature
Lower House (House of Representatives)
Elected directly by citizens; representation based on population of state
Upper House (Senate)
Selected by state legislatures; 2 per state

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14
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A

An agreement to count three out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state’s total population for legislative representation and taxation.

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15
Q

Compromise on Importation

A

slave trade not permitted till 1808

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16
Q

expressed or enumerated powers

A

authority specifically granted to a branch of the government in the Constitution
Borrow money, tax, regulate interstate commerce

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17
Q

Necessary and Proper Clause:

A

article 1 section 8 gave congress the power to carry our enumerated powers

18
Q

implied powers

A

authority of the federal government that goes beyond its expressed powers; make banks for example

19
Q

Federalist No. 51

A

addresses how checks and balances can be created in government and also advocates a separation of powers within the national government.

20
Q

supremacy clause

A

Constitution and all national treaties and laws shall be the supreme law of the land

21
Q

fed 10

A

Advocated for a large constitutional republic

22
Q

faction

A

A group formed to seek some goal within a political party or a government; democratic and republican parties; Feared danger of faction, group of self-interested individuals who use the government to get what they want, trampling the rights of others in the process
Can’t eliminate cause of factions – that would suppress liberty
Natural check is a large and diverse republic – control the effect with more people, more opinions and put the factions against each other

23
Q

Brutus No. 1

A

Suspicion of power
The country is too large to be governed as a republic and the Constitution gave too much power to the national government

24
Q

unitary system

A

power is held in a central authority; in the national gov

25
Q

Commerce clause

A

gives congress the power to regulate interstate commerce

26
Q

confederal system

A

the smaller governments within a larger political unit have the major power, and the central government has very limited powers

27
Q

federal system

A

power is shared in the states and the national gov (this is the USA)

28
Q

10th amendment

A

power that is not delegated to the federal gov goes to the states

29
Q

concurrent powers

A

powers that both the states and the national gov have (tax people, create courts etc)

30
Q

reserved powers

A

powers that are not given to the federal gov and are reserved for the states and people (marriage license and drivers license)

31
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

forces states to recognize marriage licenses etc from other states

32
Q

privileges and immunities clause

A

prevents states from discriminating against people from out of state

33
Q

dual federalism

A

A form of American federalism in which the states and the nation operate independently in their own areas of public policy (layer cake analogy)

34
Q

cooperative federalism

A

national gov’t and state gov’t work together (marble cake federalism analogy)

35
Q

grants-in-aid

A

Tool used by the federal government to achieve policy objectives within state

36
Q

categorical grants

A

the federal gov’t tells the states on what to spend their money on

37
Q

block grant

A

the federal gov’t gives the states money and they can spend it on whatever

38
Q

fiscal federalism

A

the federal government’s use of grants-in-aid to influence policies in the states

39
Q

Unfunded mandates:

A

the fed gov’t mandates the states to implement and pay for programs without providing money (ADA 1990)

40
Q

Revenue sharing:

A

when a higher level of gov’t distrubutes tax money to the states with no strings attached (ended bc it was too costly)

41
Q

devolution

A

when the fed gov’t transfers power from them to state and local govts