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sem 1 finals > Unit 1 Ecology > Flashcards

Unit 1 Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

biotic

A

living parts; animals and plants

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2
Q

abiotic

A

non living parts like rocks; water etc

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3
Q

species

A

population whose members have the potential to produce viable offspring

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4
Q

population

A

A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular geographic area

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5
Q

community

A

different populations living in one area

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6
Q

ecosystems

A

All of the abiotic factors in addition to the community of species that exists in a certain area; multiple ecosystems in a biome

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7
Q

biome

A

major geographic regions that encompass multiple ecosystems; deciduous forest, coniferous forest etc

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8
Q

producers/autotrophs

A

makes their own food and supports other in an ecosystem

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9
Q

consumers/heterotrophs

A

eat other producers and consumers to obtain energy

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10
Q

primary consumer

A

usually classified as Herbuvores bc their main source of nutrition are plants

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11
Q

secondary consumer

A

can be classified as carnivores (only eat other consumers) and/or omnivores (eat consumers and producers)

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12
Q

tertiary consumers

A

the highest of the food chain; can be classified as carnivores (only eat other consumers) and/or omnivores (eat consumers and producers)

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13
Q

Decomposers(Saprophytes):

A

absorb nutrients from non-living organic materials such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms, and convert them into inorganic forms.

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14
Q

detrivores

A

similar to decomposers but they feed off of dead matter; not just absorb the nutrients

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15
Q

food web

A

the feeding relationships in an ecosystem

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16
Q

niche

A

the role or function of an organism or a species within an ecosystem

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17
Q

trophic levels

A

producers and consumers are separated on the ecological pyramid based on their main source of nutrition

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18
Q

ecological pyramid (energy)

A

the multiplicative loss of energy in an ecological system; the higher you go up, the less energy

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19
Q

ecological pyramid (numbers)

A

measures population size

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20
Q

ecological pyramid (biomass)

A

measures the amount of organic material in each trophic level

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21
Q

carbon/oxygen cycle

A

The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the biosphere leads to most sources of release and storage of carbon;

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22
Q

nitrogen cycle

A

an essential component of nucleic acids and proteins; Nitrogen gas (N2 ) is converted into usable forms via two pathways
Atmospheric deposition
Nitrogen Fixation via Nitrogen fixing bacteria

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23
Q

phosphorus cycle

A

Phosphorus is a major component of many important biomolecules such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, and ATP

24
Q

symbiosis

A

close association between two species one being a host and the other being a symbiont.

25
Q

commensalism

A

one party benefits without significantly affecting the other; birds nest and a tree

26
Q

parasitism

A

a parasite harms the other party: mosquito and its host

27
Q

mutualism

A

both parties benefit; nitrogen fixing bacteria and the roots it lives in

28
Q
A
29
Q

phosphorus cycle

A

Phosphorus is a major component of many important biomolecules such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, and ATP

30
Q

symbiosis

A

close association between two species one being a host and the other being a symbiont.

31
Q

commensalism

A

one partner benefits without significantly affecting the other.
A bird’s nest and a tree

32
Q

parasitism

A

one organism (the parasite) harms the host .
Mosquito and its host

33
Q

mutualism

A

both partners benefit from the relationship.
nitrogen fixing bacteria and the roots it lives in

34
Q

types of predation

A

Parasitism: predators that live on or in their hosts.
Parasitoidism:insects laying eggs on the larva of other insects.
Herbivory:consumers eating plants
Carnivory:consumers eating other consumers

35
Q

competitive exclusion principle

A

two species with similar needs for the same limiting resources cannot exist in the same place.

36
Q

exponential growth-j curve

A

predicts unlimited population increase under conditions of unlimited resource

37
Q

lag phase

A

Population growth begins slowly with a small population

38
Q

log phase

A

population growth is exponential as long as conditions are ideal

39
Q

Thomas Malthus iron law

A

population grows exponentially and resources grow linearly (eventually run out)

40
Q

Logistic Growth-S curve

A

population growth that starts with a slow initial phase, then rapidly increases, and eventually levels off at a maximum limit; many limiting factors prevent a population from reaching its biotic potential

41
Q

predator prey curve

A

The populations of predator and prey directly influence each other; meaning a change in one population directly affects the size of the other population,

42
Q

carrying capacity

A

the biotic and abiotic factors determine the number of individuals from a population which the ecosystem can maintain and support

43
Q

flux

A

when the population exceeds the carrying capacity

44
Q

interspecific competition

A

competition between opposing species for resources

45
Q

intraspecific competition

A

competition within the same species

46
Q

r-selected organisms

A

found in high Variable areas; fast development; short lived and many offspring

47
Q

K-selected organisms

A

slow development; long lived; not many offspring (humans are k selected)

48
Q

natality

A

number of offspring produced in a certain period of time

49
Q

mortality

A

the number of individuals that die off in a certain period of time

50
Q

immigration

A

individuals of one species entering a non-native ecological system over a period of time

51
Q

emigration

A

Individuals of one species leaving their native ecological system over a period of time

52
Q

invasive species

A

human introduced and non native; has negative impacts due to a lack of density dependent limiting factors.

53
Q

edge effect

A

changes to the abiotic and biotic factors at the boundary of two habitats.

54
Q

biomagnification

A

retained substances which become more concentrated with each link in the food chain.

55
Q

biodiversity

A

the relative concentration of species in a given area
High biodiversity is associated with overall ecology system health

56
Q

extinction

A

local: the loss of a species from a specific area
Ecological: the loss of a species niche within an ecosystem
biological: the complete loss of a species in the biosphere

57
Q

species vs population

A

A species is a certain unique type or organism in the entire biosphere, while a population is all of the members of a species in one ecosystem or area

sem 1 finals (5 decks)

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