Molecular genetics

Question 1

Friedrich miescher

Answer 1

first to isolate nucleic acids

Question 2

Frederick Griffith

Answer 2

bacteria are able to transfer genetic information

Question 3

oswald avery

Answer 3

concurred with griffith and discovered that DNA carries genetic info

Question 4

Alfred hershey and Martha chase

Answer 4

determined that the DNA and not proteins are injected into bacteria from a virus

Question 5

Erwin chargaff

Answer 5

determined that A:T C:G were in a 1:1 ratio

Question 6

Linus pauling

Answer 6

proposed a helical structure for DNA, perhaps a triple helix

Question 7

Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin

Answer 7

created an X-ray image of DNA’s double helix

Question 8

James Watson and Francis Crick

Answer 8

discovered the structure of DNA; sugar phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases

Question 9

Base pairing

Answer 9

A and G are purines Pure As Gold “Pure” sounds like Purine, and A & G are the initials of “As Gold.”

Question 10

DNA replication

Answer 10

Helicase breaks the weak hydrogen bonds and unwinds the double helix
DNA polymerase replicate the leading (5’-3’) strand by using free nucleotides
the lagging strand (3’-5’) is synthesized discontiously in Okazaki fragments. they are synthesized in opposite directions
DNA ligase complete the sugar-phosphate backbone by inducing strong, covalent bonding

Question 11

transcription

Answer 11

RNA polymerase unwinds the double helix and copies the 3’-5’ strand, it takes free RNA nucleotides from around the environment and matches the gene base pair sequence.
the direction of transcription is 5’-3’ and it produces rRNA tRNA and mRNA

Question 12

RNA processing

Answer 12

only happens in eukaryotes and it edits the mRNA; takes out introns and entrons are spliced together to make the edited sequence

Question 13

translation

Answer 13

the mRNA binds to the ribosome and tRNA anticodons begin to match up to mRNA complimentary codons and they bond which creates a polypeptide

Question 14

wobble position

Answer 14

the third position in the codon is called the wobble position because it doesn’t really matter when it comes to amino acid coding, its really only the first two that can code for multiple amino acids

Question 15

point mutations

Answer 15

substitution which changes a single nucleotide; missense changes amino acid, nonssence changes AA to “stop” and silent doesn’t change it at all; may have no effect at all