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Gov. > Unit 1 - Foundations > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Foundations Flashcards

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1
Q

amendments

A

the process by which changes are made to the constitution

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2
Q

anti-federalist

A

opposition to the ratification of the constitution (small farmers), favored strong state government

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3
Q

articles of confederation

A

governing document that created a union of 13 sovereign states where the states, not the national government, were supreme

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4
Q

bill of rights

A

first 10 amendments, protects individual liberties and limits the power of the federal government

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5
Q

bicameral

A

two-house legislature

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6
Q

checks and balances

A

each branch has power over the other branches

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7
Q

commerce clause

A

grants congress authority to regulate interstate business and commercial activity

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8
Q

concurrent powers

A

both state and federal governments share them in the Constitution

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9
Q

declaration of independence

A

1776, america’s DNA and political culture, “all men are created equal”

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10
Q

electoral college

A

selects the president from the votes of the people

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11
Q

elite democracy

A

Small minority with economic power controlling the government

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12
Q

enumerated/Expressed powers

A

Powers granted to the national government through the constitution

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13
Q

factions

A

self-interested individuals who form groups to use the government to get what they want, lobbying

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14
Q

federalist papers

A

essays to promote the ratification of the constitution

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15
Q

federalism

A

sharing of power between the national and federal government

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16
Q

federalists

A

supported the constitution and a strong national government

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17
Q

fiscal federalism

A

federal government’s use of GIA to influence policies in different states

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18
Q

grants In aid

A

federal money provided to states to implement public policy objectives from the national government

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19
Q

categorical grants

A

GIA with provisions on use, national government source of power

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20
Q

unfunded mandates

A

federal requirement that states must follow without being provided funding

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21
Q

block grant

A

GIA gives state officials more authority in use of federal funds

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22
Q

full Faith and Credit clause

A

states must recognize public acts, rewards, and civic courts from other states

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23
Q

great compromise

A

connecticut compromise from constitutional convention, created a bicameral legislature, house of reps, and a senate

24
Q

house of representatives

A

power to initiate revenue bills and impeach federal officials, 435 members

25
Q

impeachment

A

the process by which a government official is charged with misconduct while in office

26
Q

James madison

A

key founding father of the constitution, wrote the federalist papers, initially against bill of rights then changed mind

27
Q

judicial review

A

the power to overturn a law that violates the constitution

28
Q

limited government

A

restricting the power of government and protecting the rights of individuals

29
Q

mandates

A

official order or commission to do something

30
Q

national supremacy

A

supremacy clause, federal government laws and constitution take president over state laws and constitution

31
Q

natural Law/locke

A

social contract, universal morals from god

32
Q

necessary and proper clause (elastic)

A

federal government has authority to pass laws to carry out enumerated papers

33
Q

new Jersey plan

A

unicameral legislature, equal representation regardless of population

34
Q

participatory democracy

A

the people have to participate, ex. ballot measures

35
Q

pluralist democracy

A

groups with diverse interest work to compete to influence government policy

36
Q

popular sovereignty

A

power of the government comes from the consent of the people

37
Q

preamble

A

“we the people…” vision statement, redo of the articles of confederation

38
Q

ratification

A

approving a proposed law or constitutional amendment

39
Q

representative republic

A

citizens elect representative to make laws on their behalf, form of governement

40
Q

republicanism

A

political ideology, citizens elect the government to run on their behalf

41
Q

reserved powers

A

Powers that are not explicitly given to the government via the Constitution and are therefore reserved for the states

42
Q

senate

A

upper chamber of Congress, each state has 2 senators, 100 total; can approve treaties, confirm presidential appointments, and pass legislation

43
Q

separation of powers

A

no branch becomes too powerful (checks and balances)

44
Q

shay’s rebellion

A

Daniel shay’s, in Mass, rebellion to overturn political power due to debt, hard money, and raised taxation

45
Q

social contract

A

individual’s give up come personal freedoms in exchange for the protection of their rights and the maintenance of social order

46
Q

supremacy clause

A

establishes the constitution and the laws of the federal government passed under its authority as the highest law in the land

47
Q

3/5 compromise

A

1787, constitutional convention, enslaved people were counted as 3/5 of a person when determining state’s population representation in the house of reps and for taxation purposes, win for the south!

48
Q

veto

A

constitutional power of a president to reject a bill passed by Congress, preventing it from becoming a law unless overruled by a 2/3 majority vote in both houses of congress

49
Q

Virginia plan

A

1787, constitutional convention, strong national government with three branches: legislative, executive, judicial

50
Q

declaration of independence

A

declared separation from governing official, new independent government, sovereign nation, + enlightenment theories (1776 - natural rights, social contract, popular sovereignty, republicanism)

51
Q

U.S. constitution

A

1787, replaces articles of confederation, establishes a strong federal government, declared certain rights to states, protected liberties (1- leg, 2- exec, 3- judicial, IV- relationships between states, V- amendment process, VI- debt from confederation and federal supremacy, VII- ratification)

52
Q

fed. 10

A

within federal papers, large republic from constitution is the ideal form of government (minority and majority rights), defending constitution against critics; democracy is key, diverse groups and different opinions, factions are inevitable and dangerous + easier to control in large republic

53
Q

Brutus no. 1

A

1787, after constitution signing, state governments as the source of power for new nation, republic could only work on a smaller scale and as large as it is it does not protect democracy, establishes necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause

54
Q

articles of confederation

A

1777, league of friendship, FAILED, established a weak executive and lacked any way to police states without money or military control

55
Q

fed. 51

A

urged the ratification of the constitution, 1787, “if men were angels no government would be necessary”, checks and balances, popular sovereignty, divided legislature, large republic

56
Q

amendment 10

A

any powers not specified for the fed. Gov. are withheld for the states

Gov. (6 decks)

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