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AP Gov > Unit 1: Foundation of American Democracy > Flashcards

Unit 1: Foundation of American Democracy Flashcards

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1
Q

democracy

A

a system of government where power is held by the people

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2
Q

natural rights

A

the right to life, liberty, and property, which government cannot take away

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3
Q

social contract

A

people allow their government to rule over them to ensure an orderly and functioning society

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4
Q

popular sovereignty

A

the idea that government’s right to rule comes from the people

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5
Q

republicanism

A

a system in which the government’s authority comes from the people

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6
Q

inalienable right

A

rights the government cannot take away

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7
Q

participatory democracy

A

a theory that widespread political participation is essential for democratic government

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8
Q

pluralist democracy theory

A

a theory of democracy that emphasizes the role of groups in the policy making process

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9
Q

elitist democracy theory

A

a theory of democracy that the elites have a disproportionate amount of influence in the policy making process

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10
Q

constitution

A

a document that set out the fundamental principles of governance and establishes the institutions of government

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11
Q

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union

A

a governing document that created the union of thirteen sovereign states in which the states, not the national government, were supreme

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12
Q

unicameral

A

a one-house legislature

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13
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

a meeting attended by state delegates in 1787 to fix the Articles of Confederation

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14
Q

Virginia Plan

A

a plan of government calling for a three-branch government with a bicameral legislature, where more populous states would have more representation in Congress

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15
Q

New Jersey plan

A

a plan of government that provided for a unicameral legislature with equal votes for each states

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16
Q

Great (Connecticut) Compromise

A

an agreement from plan of government that drew upon both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans; it settled issues of state representation by calling for a bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives apportioned proportionality and a Senate apportioned equally

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17
Q

bicameral

A

a two-house legislature

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18
Q

How is the senate apportioned between the states

A

equally

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19
Q

How is the house of representatives apportioned between the states

A

proportionally
(state pop.)

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20
Q

Three-Fifths compromise

A

an agreement reached by delegates at the Constitutional Convention that a slave would count as three-fifths of a person in calculating a state’s representation

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21
Q

Compromise on Importation

A

Congress could not restrict the slave trade until 1808

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22
Q

checks and balances

A

a design of government in which each branch has powers that can prevent the other branches from making policies

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23
Q

federalism

A

the sharing of power between the national government and the states

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24
Q

legislative branch

A

the institution responsible for making laws

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25
Q

expressed/enumerated powers

A

authority specifically granted to a branch of the government in the Constitution

26
Q

Necessary and Proper/elastic clause

A

language in Article 1, section 8, granting Congress the powers necessary to carry out its enumerated powers
-congress can make laws that follow the rules of the Constitution

27
Q

implied powers

A

powers not granted specifically to the national government but considered necessary to carry out the enumerated powers

28
Q

executive branch

A

the institution responsible for carrying out laws passed by the legislative branch
-president is head of this branch

29
Q

judicial branch

A

the institution responsible for hearing and deciding cases through the federal courts

30
Q

supremacy clause

A

constitutional provision declaring that the Constitution and all national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land

31
Q

federalist

A

supporters of the proposed Constitution, who called for a strong national government

32
Q

Antifederalist

A

those opposed to the proposed Constitution, who favored stronger state governments

33
Q

federalist papers

A

a series of 85 essays that lay out the theory behind the Constitution

34
Q

federalist no.51

A

an essay in which Madison argues that separation of powers and federalism will prevent tyranny
-checks and balances

35
Q

faction

A

a group of self-interested people who use the government to get that they want, trampling the rights of others in the process

36
Q

federalist no. 10

A

an essay in which Madison argues that the dangers of factions can be mitigated by a large republic and republican government
-hard to get majority

37
Q

Brutus No. 1

A

an Antifederalist Paper arguing the the country was too large to be governed as a republic and that the Constitution gave too much power to the national government
-wanted more power in the states

38
Q

exclusive powers

A

powers only the national government may exercise

39
Q

commerce clause

A

grants Congress the authority to regulate interstate business and commercial activity

40
Q

tenth amendment

A

reserves powers not delegated to the national government to the states and the people; the basis of federalism

41
Q

reserved powers

A

powers not given to the national government, which are retained by the states and the people

42
Q

concurrent powers

A

powers granted to both states and the federal government in the Constitution

43
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

constitutional clause requiring states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil court proceedings from another state

44
Q

privileges and immunities clause

A

constitutional clause that prevents states from discriminating against people from out of state

45
Q

thirteenth amendmetn

A

constitutional amendment that outlaws slavery

46
Q

fourteenth ammendment

A

constitutional amendment that provides that persons born in the US are citizens and prohibits states from denying persons due process or equal protection under the law

47
Q

fifteenth amendment

A

constitutional amendment that gave African American males the right to vote

48
Q

cooperative federalism

A

a form of American federalism which the states and the national government work together to shape public policies
-marbled cake

48
Q

dual federalism

A

a form of American federalism in which the states and the nation operate independently in their own areas of public policy
-layered cake

49
Q

grants in-aid

A

federal money provided to states to implement public policy objectives

50
Q

categorical grants

A

grants in-aid provided to states with a specific provisions on their use

51
Q

unfunded mandate

A

federal requirements that states must follow without being provided with funding

52
Q

block grant

A

Money given to state or local governments from the federal government to help fund a specific project or program

53
Q

revenue sharing

A

when the federal government apportions tax money to the states with no strings attached

54
Q

weaknesses of confederation

A

super majority, don’t give gov. too much power, tax system, one vote per state, unanimous vote

55
Q

Proposing an Amendment

A

⅔ of state legislatures call a national convention
⅔ of both houses of congress (only way an amendment has been done)

56
Q

Ratification of an Amendment

A

¾ of the state legislature
¾ of state conventions (1 time)

57
Q

Restrictions to amendments

A

Before 1808 no amendment to the slave trade clause (article 1 section 9, first clause)
Before 1808 no direct taxes (article 1 section 9, fourth clause)
State’s equal votes in the senate

58
Q

Federalist No. 39

A

Madison expresses The Constitution is making a national and state government

59
Q

delegated powers

A

powers granted to the national government by the Constitution

60
Q

inherent powers

A

powers granted to the states by the Constitution

61
Q

Morrill Act

A

-support and improve agricultural, mechanical, and military education and research
-National gov. granted land to states to sell and use that money for education
-Use the funds to help develop the areas of education/expand the programs

AP Gov (2 decks)

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