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Biology of the Cell > Unit 1: Extracellular Matrix (Lectures 1-2) > Flashcards

Unit 1: Extracellular Matrix (Lectures 1-2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the extracellular matrix ?

A

A network of secreted macromolecules which maintain cell tissue integrity

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2
Q

What can the ECM influence ? (3)

A
  • Cell shape
  • Cell migration
  • Cellular function and behaviour
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3
Q

Describe the relationship between matrix and cell

A

A reciprocal relationship

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4
Q

What are the 2 main types of ECM component ?

A

1) Glycosaminoglycans
2) Fibrous proteins

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5
Q

What type of molecule is glycosaminoglycan ?

A

A polysaccharide that is usually covalently linked to a protein

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6
Q

Give an example of a fibrous protein

A

Collagen

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7
Q

What is the structure of collagens (4) ?

A
  • Covalently cross linked
  • Long and inflexible
  • Triple helix forming
  • 3 alpha chain polypeptides
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8
Q

What is the most common collagen fibre amino acid sequence ?

A

Glycine-Proline-Hydroxyproline

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9
Q

What are amino acid residues commonly arranged as ?

A

Triplets

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of collagens ?

A
  • Fibrillar
  • Networking
  • Fibril associated
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11
Q

What is the function of fibronectin and what is it ?

A

It is a glycoprotein that functions as a dimer that binds integrin receptors

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12
Q

What are the components of a proteoglycan ?

A
  • Protein core
  • GAG side chains
    (GAGs are covalently linked to proteins)
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13
Q

What is the structure of a glycosaminoglycan ?

A
  • Un branched
  • Composed of repeated disaccharides
  • Highly negatively charged so hydrophilic
  • Resist compressive forces
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14
Q

What compound allows proteoglycans to produce 3D structures ?

A

Hyaluronan (Ionic linkage between protein core of PG and hyaluronan)

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15
Q

What is hyaluronan made from ?

A
  • Hyaluronic acid
  • Hyaluronate
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16
Q

How does the molecular weight of hyaluronan link to its function ?

A
  • Low molecular weight increases proliferation
  • High molecular weight decreases proliferation
17
Q

What is the role of a proteoglycan ?

A

They regulate the activity of signalling molecules and can act as co receptors

18
Q

What is the basal lamina ?

A

A specific form of extracellular matrix which is found at sites where tissues have a junction with connective tissues

19
Q

What is the structure of the basal lamina ?

A
  • Continuous flexible mats of specialised ECM
  • Very widespread so underlie all epithelia
  • Synthesised by cells for which it forms a base
20
Q

What are 3 functions of the basal lamina ?

A
  • Separates different cell layers providing a barrier to migration
  • Acts as a scaffold for regenerating cells after injury and provides signals for reconstruction
  • Acts as a selective molecular filter
21
Q

What are the 2 broad categories of cell junction ?

A

1) cell-cell junctions
2) cell-matrix junctions

22
Q

What are the 3 classes of cell junction ?

A

1) Tight or occluding junctions
2) Anchoring junctions
3) Gap junctions

23
Q

What is the function of a tight junction ?

A

Seals cells into a sheet and prevents leakage of molecules across the sheet

24
Q

What are the 2 surfaces involved in a tight junction ?

A
  • Atypical surface (Top)
  • Basolateral surface (Bottom)
25
Q

Do tight junctions exhibit selective permeability ?

A

Yes this relates to their function

26
Q

What are the 2 types of anchoring junctions ?

A
  • Actin dependant
  • Intermediate filament dependant
27
Q

What is a desmosome ?

A

Joining of cell to cell

28
Q

What is a hemi desmosome ?

A

Joining of a cell to the basal lamina

29
Q

What is the function of a gap junction ?

A

The channel facilitates metabolic and electrical coupling by allowing passage of small water soluble molecules and inorganic ions

30
Q

What is electrical coupling ?

A

The flow of ions

31
Q

What is the structure of a gap junction ?

A
  • Very widespread
  • Appear as 2-4nm gap separating adjacent cells
32
Q

What is the function of a electrically excitable cell ?

A
  • Synchronise cell populations
  • Facilitate the spread of electrical signals rapidly
33
Q

What is the function of a non excitable cell ?

A
  • Propagate responses
  • Supply positional info
  • Coordinate development

Biology of the Cell (10 decks)

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