Unit 1: Exploration and Colonization

Question 1

Feudalism

Answer 1

Social system based on wealth. In order: nobles, vaseles, surfs, peasants

Question 2

Capitalism

Answer 2

New economic system based on private ownership in a free market that controls the production of goods/services.

Question 3

Adam Smith

Answer 3

Godfather of Capitalism

Question 4

Scientific Revolution causes

Answer 4

1. Trade around the world.
2. Universities started to study ancient science.
3. Renaissance brought interest to math and human body.

Question 5

Inventions making exploration possible

Answer 5

Compass
Caravel/ ship
Astrolabe - use stars to plot position
MAP MAKING

Question 6

Devine right of kings

Answer 6

Believe that a rulers authority comes from God

Question 7

Absolutisms/Absolute Monarch

Answer 7

A political system in which a rocker holds total power.
Ruler with complete power

Question 8

Printing press

Answer 8

Can spread propaganda for nation state lead to rise in nationalism

Question 9

4 nations leading during Age of Discovery

Answer 9

1. Portugal
2. Spain
3. England
4. France

Question 10

Portugal

Answer 10

Wanted to get to undies around Africa.
Bartolome Dias- gets to Cape of Good Hope claiming Ivory Coast
Vasco da Gama- makes it to India

Question 11

Spain

Answer 11

Ruled by Ferdinand and Isabella. Catholic /spread Christianity

Question 12

Christopher Columbus

Answer 12

Italian but employed by Spain. Wanted to reach India by sailing west. Landed in Caribbean. 3 ships: Santa Maria, Pinta Niña. He runs into the Taino people and thinks he’s in Indies.

Question 13

Colombian Exchange

Answer 13

Exchange of foods diseased animals between the new world and old world.

Question 14

Treaty of Tordesilla

Answer 14

Splits world between Spain and Portugal. Spain gets the Americas. Portugal gets Brazil and Africa

Question 15

Encomienda system

Answer 15

Slave system implemented by the Spanish. Enslaved native population forced them to convert to Catholicism and speak Spanish.

Question 16

Bartolome de las Casas

Answer 16

Hated encomienda system and enslaving population (thinks it’s against god. )

Question 17

Oldest European settlement in new world.

Answer 17

St. Augustine Florida

Question 18

King Herry VIII

Answer 18

Broke apart from the Roman Catholic Church to fulfill his own agenda. (Marry Anne Boleyn)

Question 19

Queen Elizabeth I

Answer 19

Rival with catholic spain. Started oppressing the Irish.

Question 20

Sea Dogs

Answer 20

Secretly hired by Queen Elizabeth I to raid Spanish ships.
Captains:
Sir John Hawkins
Sir Francis Drake
Sir Walter Raleigh

Question 21

Roanoke 1585

Answer 21

First attempted colony by England. 2 years after settlement John White (“leader”) leaves to get more supplies from England, but can’t return right away because Spanish attacks England. Had to wait 3 years to return. All the colonist were gone and CROATOAN was carved on tree. Don’t know what happened.

Question 22

Spanish attacks England

Answer 22

Spanish Armada/Invincible Armada 100+ ships.
Major storm (Protestand Storm)breaks out over English Channel so the ships get really close to eachother. British fire ships sets fire to Spanish duster ship blowing up the ships.

Question 23

The Virginia Company

Answer 23

Stock company founded to fund investors for a new colony. 2 parts to company.
1. Plymouth Company (funded north)
2. London Company (funded south)

Question 24

Primogeniture

Answer 24

The first done inherits all of father’s land.

Question 25

Northwest Passage

Answer 25

A supposed waterway running east to west through America to Asia

Question 26

Jamestown

Answer 26

OLDEST ENGLISH PERMANENT COLONY. Charter granted to Virginia company by King James I. Goal of Jamestown was to make money.

Question 27

Chesapeake Bay

Answer 27

Between VA and MD. Swampland Malaria Lacked good farm land Surrounded by natives

Question 28

John Smith

Answer 28

First savior of Jamestown. Originally captured by natives but saved by Pocahontas (power move by father). Created “No work no food” motto to motivate colonist to work instead of search for wealth.

Question 29

Problems of Catholic Church

Answer 29

Corrupt leadership Issues in lower clergy Sale of indulgences (if someone dies could give money to priest to say prayer to move loved one to heaven.) Prugatory the middle between heaven and hell. Not in the Bible so people questions it.

Question 30

The reformation/Martin Luther

Answer 30

Was a catholic priest but started question it. Nailed 95 Theses in church in Germany. Lutheran Chrurch and faith eventually established.

Question 31

John Calvin

Answer 31

Created Calvinism (PURITAINS WERE CALVINISTS) Wrote book “Institutes of the Christian Religion” Preaches predestination- only god knows if you will go to heaven or hell. Sees world divided by sinners and saints.

Question 32

Puritans

Answer 32

Wanted to purify the Church of England. Thought it was still to catholic

Question 33

Separatist beliefs

Answer 33

Wanted to separate from the Church of England. They go on a religion pilgrimage hence the term Pilgrims. Originally went to holland/Netherlands.

Question 34

Plymouth Bay

Answer 34

2nd permanent English Colony. 102 people half of them separatists the other half strangers go in the Mayflower. Pilgrims came for religious reasons while strangers moved to make a new life. Supposed to go to NY but bad seas take them to Plymouth.

Question 35

Mayflower compact

Answer 35

Social contract with laws for everyone. Established majority rule among adult men.

Question 36

Squanto and Samoset

Answer 36

Helped hunt, fish, and grow corn. And introduced the pilgrims to chief of Wampanoags (Massasoit)

Question 37

William Bradford

Answer 37

Governor of Plymouth kept detailed accounts of what happened.

Question 38

Massachusetts Bay

Answer 38

3rd permanent English colony. Founded by puritans (purify church of england).

Question 39

Great migration of 1630

Answer 39

Turmoil in England sent about 70000 puritans to America. Some went to West Indies and Caribbean.

Question 40

John Winthrop

Answer 40

First governors of Massachusetts bay. Goal was to be a “city upon a hill”

Question 41

Congregational church

Answer 41

Established in Boston Massachusetts. Was tax supported, self governing, and gave political control in the hands of the saints or those who had been saved.

Question 42

The general court

Answer 42

The government in Massachusetts bay located in Boston. Led by adult male members. Only men who were visible saints could vote and had political power.

Question 43

Blue laws

Answer 43

Laws form the general court on blue paper

Question 44

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 44

Argued that those who are truly saved don’t need to obey laws (ideas of antinomalism). She is banished from Massachusetts. Eventually is an attacked and killed by natives.

Question 45

Roger Williams

Answer 45

Minister in Salem. Starts speaking up against church for taking land from natives and say we need to compensate them. Also exiled. He flees to Rhode Island and starts the colony Providence. Establishes complete freedom of religion in Provinece.

Question 46

Connecticut

Answer 46

Founder: Reverend Thomas Hooker Center/capital: Hartford.

Question 47

The fundamental orders of connecticut

Answer 47

The first written constitution in America and the world. It gave freedom of religion and no taxes to church.

Question 48

New Hampshire

Answer 48

Founder: John Mason Was a fishing colony

Question 49

New England colonies

Answer 49

Plymouth Massachusetts (and Maine) Connecticut Rhode Island New Hampshire

Question 50

Middle colonies

Answer 50

New York Delaware Pennsylvania New Jersey

Question 51

New York/ New Amsterdam

Answer 51

Originally a Dutch colony. Founder Henry Hudson. Manhattan Island costed the Dutch $24 (two boxes of trade goods)

Question 52

Dutch East India Company

Answer 52

became powerful through trade with Asia.

Question 53

Dutch West India Company

Answer 53

trade in North America

Question 54

Henry Hudson

Answer 54

Englishmen hired by the Dutch to find new colony in New World (he claimed the Hudson Bay/River). Also wanted to find the "northwest passage: for the Dutch. Claimed the area around the Hudson Bay and River for the Dutch. (aka New York/Amsterdam)

Question 55

patroons

Answer 55

get land in NY if they bring 50 people over to America (land from government.)

Question 56

patroonship

Answer 56

estate/valuable property land

Question 57

New Netherland polygot

Answer 57

dutch made up only 50% of the population

Question 58

Wall Street origin

Answer 58

Dutch built a wall to protect themselves from the hostile natives. They used slave labor to build the wall

Question 59

Government of New Netherland

Answer 59

Directors general (like governmetn) not open to natives/very cruel to them

Question 60

New Sweden

Answer 60

Established by Delaware River. Was made up of fur traders. They brought with them the log cabin style architecture. in 1655 Peter Stuyvesant (governor of New Netherlands) sized New Sweden.

Question 61

Interregnum Period (England)

Answer 61

Puritan Rule by Oliver Cromwell. but in 1660 King Charles the II takes over.

Question 62

New Netherland becomes New York.

Answer 62

King of England gives New Netherland to his brother James Duke of York. English fleet said into Bay forcing the Dutch to surrender without even firing a shot.

Question 63

Legacy of Dutch

Answer 63

topynms (Harlem, etc) English words derived from Dutch waffles easter eggs golf

Question 64

Pennsylvania

Answer 64

Founded by William Penn. He got the charter because the King owed his dad money and his dad died. Quakers move into Pennsylvania. Arguably the best farmland in all colonies. Philadelphia (city of brotherly love) becomes the capital of colony. it was designed by William Penn. Pennsylvania's liberal land policy attracted many new immigrants (best advertised colony). And there was no slavery (Quakers were abolitionists)

Question 65

Quakers (Religious Society of Friends)

Answer 65

They believed no church government. believed everyone is equal and were very tolerant the got the nickname Quakers because the quaked when the holy spirit came through them. They also treated natives with respect

Question 66

New Jersey

Answer 66

founded by Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret (Duke of York's friends). Was a proprietary colony. Had fertile land, allowed religious freedom, and had an assembly to vote. Eventually in 1702 it becomes a royal colony.

Question 67

Delaware (more like an extension of Pennsylvania)

Answer 67

named after Lord de la Warr. Was controlled by the governor of Pennsylvania.

Question 68

Southern colonies

Answer 68

Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Question 69

Maryland

Answer 69

Founded by Cecilius Calvert (aka LORD BALTIMORE). was the first proprietary colony. Gave Catholics refuge and was the second plantation colony. Overtime it becomes more protestant (poor farmers) while Catholic were the rich plantation owners. tobacco brought New people, and people started importing indentured servants.

Question 70

Maryland Act of Toleration

Answer 70

protects the Christians. All Christians have religious freedom in Maryland. Trying to protect eh minority but wealth Catholic plantation owners. Non Christians were given the death penalty.

Question 71

Barbados Slave Code

Answer 71

allowed slave owners to do whatever they wanted with their slaves. Slaves were considered property.

Question 72

The Carolinas

Answer 72

Names after King Charles, Carolina becomes a proprietary colony. Was ruled by 8 men (The Lords Proprietors) who could give you a noble title, build forts, taxes, etc