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APUSH ALL UNITS > Unit 1: Exploration and Colonization > Flashcards

Unit 1: Exploration and Colonization Flashcards

1
Q

Feudalism

A

Social system based on wealth. In order: nobles, vaseles, surfs, peasants

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2
Q

Capitalism

A

New economic system based on private ownership in a free market that controls the production of goods/services.

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3
Q

Adam Smith

A

Godfather of Capitalism

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4
Q

Scientific Revolution causes

A
  1. Trade around the world.
  2. Universities started to study ancient science.
  3. Renaissance brought interest to math and human body.
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5
Q

Inventions making exploration possible

A

Compass
Caravel/ ship
Astrolabe - use stars to plot position
MAP MAKING

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6
Q

Devine right of kings

A

Believe that a rulers authority comes from God

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7
Q

Absolutisms/Absolute Monarch

A

A political system in which a rocker holds total power.
Ruler with complete power

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8
Q

Printing press

A

Can spread propaganda for nation state lead to rise in nationalism

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9
Q

4 nations leading during Age of Discovery

A
  1. Portugal
  2. Spain
  3. England
  4. France
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10
Q

Portugal

A

Wanted to get to undies around Africa.
Bartolome Dias- gets to Cape of Good Hope claiming Ivory Coast
Vasco da Gama- makes it to India

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11
Q

Spain

A

Ruled by Ferdinand and Isabella. Catholic /spread Christianity

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12
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Italian but employed by Spain. Wanted to reach India by sailing west. Landed in Caribbean. 3 ships: Santa Maria, Pinta Niña. He runs into the Taino people and thinks he’s in Indies.

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13
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

Exchange of foods diseased animals between the new world and old world.

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14
Q

Treaty of Tordesilla

A

Splits world between Spain and Portugal. Spain gets the Americas. Portugal gets Brazil and Africa

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15
Q

Encomienda system

A

Slave system implemented by the Spanish. Enslaved native population forced them to convert to Catholicism and speak Spanish.

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16
Q

Bartolome de las Casas

A

Hated encomienda system and enslaving population (thinks it’s against god. )

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17
Q

Oldest European settlement in new world.

A

St. Augustine Florida

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18
Q

King Herry VIII

A

Broke apart from the Roman Catholic Church to fulfill his own agenda. (Marry Anne Boleyn)

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19
Q

Queen Elizabeth I

A

Rival with catholic spain. Started oppressing the Irish.

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20
Q

Sea Dogs

A

Secretly hired by Queen Elizabeth I to raid Spanish ships.
Captains:
Sir John Hawkins
Sir Francis Drake
Sir Walter Raleigh

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21
Q

Roanoke 1585

A

First attempted colony by England. 2 years after settlement John White (“leader”) leaves to get more supplies from England, but can’t return right away because Spanish attacks England. Had to wait 3 years to return. All the colonist were gone and CROATOAN was carved on tree. Don’t know what happened.

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22
Q

Spanish attacks England

A

Spanish Armada/Invincible Armada 100+ ships.
Major storm (Protestand Storm)breaks out over English Channel so the ships get really close to eachother. British fire ships sets fire to Spanish duster ship blowing up the ships.

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23
Q

The Virginia Company

A

Stock company founded to fund investors for a new colony. 2 parts to company.
1. Plymouth Company (funded north)
2. London Company (funded south)

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24
Q

Primogeniture

A

The first done inherits all of father’s land.

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25
Q

Northwest Passage

A

A supposed waterway running east to west through America to Asia

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26
Q

Jamestown

A

OLDEST ENGLISH PERMANENT COLONY. Charter granted to Virginia company by King James I. Goal of Jamestown was to make money.

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27
Q

Chesapeake Bay

A

Between VA and MD.
Swampland
Malaria
Lacked good farm land
Surrounded by natives

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28
Q

John Smith

A

First savior of Jamestown. Originally captured by natives but saved by Pocahontas (power move by father). Created “No work no food” motto to motivate colonist to work instead of search for wealth.

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29
Q

Problems of Catholic Church

A

Corrupt leadership
Issues in lower clergy
Sale of indulgences (if someone dies could give money to priest to say prayer to move loved one to heaven.)
Prugatory the middle between heaven and hell. Not in the Bible so people questions it.

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30
Q

The reformation/Martin Luther

A

Was a catholic priest but started question it. Nailed 95 Theses in church in Germany. Lutheran Chrurch and faith eventually established.

31
Q

John Calvin

A

Created Calvinism (PURITAINS WERE CALVINISTS) Wrote book “Institutes of the Christian Religion”
Preaches predestination- only god knows if you will go to heaven or hell. Sees world divided by sinners and saints.

32
Q

Puritans

A

Wanted to purify the Church of England. Thought it was still to catholic

33
Q

Separatist beliefs

A

Wanted to separate from the Church of England. They go on a religion pilgrimage hence the term Pilgrims. Originally went to holland/Netherlands.

34
Q

Plymouth Bay

A

2nd permanent English Colony. 102 people half of them separatists the other half strangers go in the Mayflower. Pilgrims came for religious reasons while strangers moved to make a new life. Supposed to go to NY but bad seas take them to Plymouth.

35
Q

Mayflower compact

A

Social contract with laws for everyone. Established majority rule among adult men.

36
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

Helped hunt, fish, and grow corn. And introduced the pilgrims to chief of Wampanoags (Massasoit)

37
Q

William Bradford

A

Governor of Plymouth kept detailed accounts of what happened.

38
Q

Massachusetts Bay

A

3rd permanent English colony. Founded by puritans (purify church of england).

39
Q

Great migration of 1630

A

Turmoil in England sent about 70000 puritans to America. Some went to West Indies and Caribbean.

40
Q

John Winthrop

A

First governors of Massachusetts bay. Goal was to be a “city upon a hill”

41
Q

Congregational church

A

Established in Boston Massachusetts. Was tax supported, self governing, and gave political control in the hands of the saints or those who had been saved.

42
Q

The general court

A

The government in Massachusetts bay located in Boston. Led by adult male members. Only men who were visible saints could vote and had political power.

43
Q

Blue laws

A

Laws form the general court on blue paper

44
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

Argued that those who are truly saved don’t need to obey laws (ideas of antinomalism). She is banished from Massachusetts. Eventually is an attacked and killed by natives.

45
Q

Roger Williams

A

Minister in Salem. Starts speaking up against church for taking land from natives and say we need to compensate them. Also exiled. He flees to Rhode Island and starts the colony Providence. Establishes complete freedom of religion in Provinece.

46
Q

Connecticut

A

Founder: Reverend Thomas Hooker
Center/capital: Hartford.

47
Q

The fundamental orders of connecticut

A

The first written constitution in America and the world. It gave freedom of religion and no taxes to church.

48
Q

New Hampshire

A

Founder: John Mason
Was a fishing colony

49
Q

New England colonies

A

Plymouth
Massachusetts (and Maine)
Connecticut
Rhode Island
New Hampshire

50
Q

Middle colonies

A

New York
Delaware
Pennsylvania
New Jersey

51
Q

New York/ New Amsterdam

A

Originally a Dutch colony.
Founder Henry Hudson.
Manhattan Island costed the Dutch $24 (two boxes of trade goods)

52
Q

Dutch East India Company

A

became powerful through trade with Asia.

53
Q

Dutch West India Company

A

trade in North America

54
Q

Henry Hudson

A

Englishmen hired by the Dutch to find new colony in New World (he claimed the Hudson Bay/River). Also wanted to find the “northwest passage: for the Dutch. Claimed the area around the Hudson Bay and River for the Dutch. (aka New York/Amsterdam)

55
Q

patroons

A

get land in NY if they bring 50 people over to America (land from government.)

56
Q

patroonship

A

estate/valuable property land

57
Q

New Netherland polygot

A

dutch made up only 50% of the population

58
Q

Wall Street origin

A

Dutch built a wall to protect themselves from the hostile natives. They used slave labor to build the wall

59
Q

Government of New Netherland

A

Directors general (like governmetn)
not open to natives/very cruel to them

60
Q

New Sweden

A

Established by Delaware River. Was made up of fur traders. They brought with them the log cabin style architecture. in 1655 Peter Stuyvesant (governor of New Netherlands) sized New Sweden.

61
Q

Interregnum Period (England)

A

Puritan Rule by Oliver Cromwell. but in 1660 King Charles the II takes over.

62
Q

New Netherland becomes New York.

A

King of England gives New Netherland to his brother James Duke of York. English fleet said into Bay forcing the Dutch to surrender without even firing a shot.

63
Q

Legacy of Dutch

A

topynms (Harlem, etc)
English words derived from Dutch
waffles
easter eggs
golf

64
Q

Pennsylvania

A

Founded by William Penn. He got the charter because the King owed his dad money and his dad died. Quakers move into Pennsylvania. Arguably the best farmland in all colonies.
Philadelphia (city of brotherly love) becomes the capital of colony. it was designed by William Penn. Pennsylvania’s liberal land policy attracted many new immigrants (best advertised colony). And there was no slavery (Quakers were abolitionists)

65
Q

Quakers (Religious Society of Friends)

A

They believed no church government.
believed everyone is equal and were very tolerant
the got the nickname Quakers because the quaked when the holy spirit came through them. They also treated natives with respect

66
Q

New Jersey

A

founded by Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret (Duke of York’s friends). Was a proprietary colony. Had fertile land, allowed religious freedom, and had an assembly to vote. Eventually in 1702 it becomes a royal colony.

67
Q

Delaware (more like an extension of Pennsylvania)

A

named after Lord de la Warr. Was controlled by the governor of Pennsylvania.

68
Q

Southern colonies

A

Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia

69
Q

Maryland

A

Founded by Cecilius Calvert (aka LORD BALTIMORE). was the first proprietary colony. Gave Catholics refuge and was the second plantation colony. Overtime it becomes more protestant (poor farmers) while Catholic were the rich plantation owners. tobacco brought New people, and people started importing indentured servants.

70
Q

Maryland Act of Toleration

A

protects the Christians. All Christians have religious freedom in Maryland. Trying to protect eh minority but wealth Catholic plantation owners. Non Christians were given the death penalty.

71
Q

Barbados Slave Code

A

allowed slave owners to do whatever they wanted with their slaves. Slaves were considered property.

72
Q

The Carolinas

A

Names after King Charles, Carolina becomes a proprietary colony. Was ruled by 8 men (The Lords Proprietors) who could give you a noble title, build forts, taxes, etc

73
Q
A

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