UNIT 1 Exam Flashcards
What is an electronic control system?
Its when a input device sends an electrical current of information to the electrical controller which then sends it to the ouput device.
Camera -> Computer -> Printer
take picture ->Digitalize it-> Print the picture
What is the formula for ohms Law and it’s variations?
I = V/R
V = I x R
R = V/I
Resistance
(Letter, Symbol, Meaurment, What is it)
R
Ω
Ohms, Kilohms, Megohms
Ω KΩ MΩ
Resistance opposes the current flow.
Resistance comes from Resistors.
Voltage
(Letter, Symbol, Meaurment, What is it)
V
V
Volts, Millivolts
V mV
Voltage is what makes the current to flow.
The batteries ‘push’ the current around the circuit.
2 1.5V batteries in a series add together to make 3V but 2 parallel batteries stay at 1.5 but double the life span.
Series = 1 battery connected to another on after another.
Parallel = Current splits into 2 paths, 1 for each battery.
Voltage comes forn any electrical source.
Current
(Letter, Symbol, Meaurment, What is it)
I
A
Amps, Milliamps
A mA
This is the flow of charged particles across a conductive wire.
What colour Tolerance band is +/-5%
Gold
What colour Tolerance band is +/-10%
Silver
Say what the 4 bands on a resistor mean
Band 1: 1st Digit
Band 2: 2nd Digit
Band 3: Nr. of Zeros
Band 4: Tolerance %
How do you find the Total Resistance in Series Calculations
Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 … etc
Just add all the numbers together
What is SPST
Single Pole Single Throw
What is SPDT
Single Pole Double Throw
What is SAC and describe it
Single Acting Cylinder
It has 1 air passage. When the air is input the single acting cyclider is pushed outwards and the spring inside compresses. When the airflow is removed the air leaves and the spring goes back to normal pushing the cylinder back.
How does the instroke action look like
Moving part goes in, hiding itself
How does the outstroke action look like
Moving part goes out, revealing itself
What does the 3/2 in a 3/2 valve stand for?
3 port
2 position
Name the 3 ports on a 3/2 Valve.
Port 1 is main air connection
Port 2 connects to other components
Port 3 is the exhaust
What is used to make a 3/2 valve return to it’s original state automatically?
Spring
Name the different actuators for a 3/2 valve
Plunger
Push Button
Roller Trip
Lever
How does a 3/2 valve work
When the button is pressed the airflow goes from the source to the component connection port
When it is let go the air flow is goes from the connection port to the exhaust port.
Describe OR Logic
The Pneumatic system can be accessed from 2 different locations. This is done by using a shuttle valve. If the system is activated from one position then it can’t be activated from another position.
This is Primarly used in order to operate the circuit from 2 different positions.
Describe AND Logic
This is when 2 seperate activiation methods must be used in order to activate the main device. This can be done by connectng 1 3/2 Valve to another one making you press both valves down to let the mechansim work.
This is primarly used as a safety feature.
how many connections does a shuttle valve have
3
What is located inside a shuttle valve
2 funnels
A 3 exit tunnel
1 Ball
How does a shuttle valve work
When the airflow is activated in one posititon, the air enters the shuttle valve and pushes the ball into the funnel for the other input vonnection blocking off the other activation method.
What is a shuttle valve used for
Shuttle valve is used to operate a device from 2 different positions
What is used to control the speed of the flowing air
Unidirectional Flow Restrictor
How does a Unidirectional flow restrictor work?
Ball blocks funnel
Tighten screw to slow down the air
Untighten screw to make air flow quicker
When air go opposite way unplugs funnel and leaves quickly
Sometimes they might include a spring inside to help guide the ball bearing
What are the 2 basic ways of transmitting power by using motion
Gears
Belt & Pulleys
What is the best way to transmit power via motion (2 basics put together)
Chain & Sprockets
What are the different types of belts you can have and give a example where it would be used
Vee Belt
Pillar Drill
Round Belt
Vacuum Cleaner
What is the purpose of idler gears
To change the next gears spin direction(Clockwise/Anti-Clockwise)
Formula for Gear Ratio
⠀ No. of Teeth on Driven
Gear Ratio = ———————————
No. of Teeth on Driver
What is the spin direction difference between gears
The next gear always spins the opposite than the previous one
What does big gear to small gear equal in terms of speed
Speed Increase
What does small gear to big gear equal in terms of speed
Speed Decrease
What are the different types of Cams
Eccentric Cam
Heart-Shaped Cam
Pear-Shaped Cam
Name the different types of followers
Flat Follower
Knife Follower
Roller Follower
What is it called when there are 2 or more gears put together
Mesh Gear
How many different action symbols are there in flowcharts?
6
What are the 4 shapes in flow charts?
2 lines with a semicircle on each side. (Sausage)
Parallelogram
Rhombus/diamond
Rectangle with curved edges
What are the actions with their symbol in flow charts?
2 lines with a semicircle on each side. (Sausage)(2D spherical prism)
Start
Stop
Parallelogram
Output
Rhombus/diamond
Decision
Compare
Rectangle with curved edges
Wait
What is Sir’s rhyme for flow chart symbols?
START STOP sausage
Slanted OUTPUT
COMPARE the Diamond DECISION
WAIT for the day we learn enchantment level speech ℸ ̣ ∷|| ℸ ̣ 𝙹 ∷ᒷᔑ↸ ℸ ̣ ⍑╎ᓭ
What do the decision/compare symbols do?
They have 2 possibilities yes or no
What do the wait symbols do?
Provide a time delay
What are flow charts also known as?
Computer control
What is the most important thing in flow chart instructions?
Be as precise/exact as possible.
Explain these terms
Stength
Toughness
Hardness
Strength - How much of a force can a material withstand before deforming or breaking
Toughness - How much of an impact force can a material absorb
Hardness - How difficult it is to scratch the surface of a material
Name 3 Hardwoods along with their different properties and applications
Mahogany
Red brown colour, can be polished and oiled well and can be buffed to a high shine
Floors, furniture and musical instruments
Beech
Very hard and tough
Good for toys and kitchen tools e.g. chopping boards, rolling pins & etc
Oak
Strong, Heavy, Hard & Dense
Furniture, Flooring & Decking
Name 2 Softwoods along with their different properties and applications
Pine
Medium Weight & Soft
Moulds, Doors & Railings
Cedar
Spicy Resinous, Scented Wood, noise blocking & Light weight
Fencing, Decking & Siding
Name 3 Man-Made boards along with their different properties and applications
Medium Density Fibreboard
dense, flat, stiff, has no knots, and is easily machined
Walls, Doors, Floors & Furniture
Chip Board
More Dense & Stable than solid timber.
Doors, Desks & quite literally anything in IKEA
Plywood
High Impact Resistance, High Strength, Sound insulation
Partitions, Ceilings & Sheathing
Name 4 Thermosetting Plastics along with their different properties and applications
- Melamine
Very hard, tough surface and highly heat resistant
Attractive hygienic material. Thin layer placed on MMB or Chipboard. - Polyester Resin
Clear hard resin. Unless reinforced by glass Matt this is very fragile.
Embedding small objects or when mixed with glass Matt it can be used for boat hulls & car bodies. - Epoxy Resin
Chemical, Heat, Corrosion Resistance. High Compression, Tensile strength.
Adhesive depending on materials. Vehicles, snowboards, bicycles. - Urea Formaldehyde
High Tensile Strength, Heat, Chemical & Electrical resistance and Hard
Plug Casing, Electrical Appliances, foam insulation & wrinkle-resistant fabrics
Name 5 Thermoplastics along with their different properties and applications
Acrylic
Transparent or Coloured. Hard & Brittle when heated it’s Soft & Flexible. Easily scratched. Good insulator(elect.) & food safe.
Signs, lenses/windows, rear light covers & baths
Rigid Polystyrene
Bright coloured sheets for vacuum forming. Rigid & Hard when heated Soft & Flexible. Brittle
Disposable Containers, Cups, cutlery and plates. Toys, Model kits.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Low Rigid, High impact strength, Low Chemical/Heat resistance, low tensile strength.
Window Frames, Pipes, Blood storage bags & Cable Insulation
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene(ABS)
Good Impact, Heat, Chemical, absorption resistant & Tensile Strength. Rigid & Hard
Pipes, Fillings, Keyboard Keys & Legos
Nylon
Elastic, Very strong and Good Chemical resistance. Quick Dry
Tooth Brush, Wheels, Tennis racket Strings, Guitar Strings & Pics
Name 3 Ferrous metals along with their different properties and applications(Structure not needed)
Mild Steel
Tough, High tensile strength, Easily rusts
Gates, Bikes, Car Bodies
Stainless Steel
Tough, Doesn’t rust, Hygienic.
Sinks, Utensils, aircraft parts, pipes
Carbon Steel
Very high strength & good weld ability
Gears, Bridges, rails & spring
Name 3 Non-Ferrous Metals along with their different properties and applications(Structure Not Needed)
Aluminium
Good heat & electricity conductor, soft, lightweight
Foil, cans, food packaging & utensils
Brass
Hard, tarnishes rather tan rusting, conducts electro
Plug pins, metallic music instruments, old lamp bodies.
Copper
Amazing electro conductor, ductile, malleable
Wires, pipes, plumbing
Properties and uses for Graphene.
Good conductor, 200x stronger than steel while light weight and flexible, 2D material
Computer Parts, solar Cells, body armour(Hulk’s Pants)
Describe the hardening process
Metal is heated up slowly to heat up the whole thing. Focus the heat on the area you wish to harden until it becomes a ‘red hot’ glow.
Remove the work piece from the heat with blacksmith tongs and put into clean cold water. This rapid cooling makes it harder but more brittle.
Describe the Tempering Process
Clean the work piece with a Emery Cloth and heat again concentrating on the area to toughen. The heated side will become blue, once it travels up the whole workpiece turn off the heat as the blue shows the correct temperature for ‘Tempering’
Place it on a shell surface in order to slowly cool it off. This will make the work piece hard and tough.
Describe the Annealing Process
Heat the work piece to a certain temperature/colour then allow it to cool slowly. This makes the metal softer allowing for easier machining and cutting.
Describe the Normalising process
Heat the work piece to a temperature above the critical point then let it cool in the air rather than putting it into water. This is important as this will make uniform grain size but make the metal less ductile.
What type of plastic do you use for vacuum forming? Give example
Thermoplastics
Rigid Polystyrene
Acrylic
Safety precaution for vacuum forming
Don’t touch metal parts as they heat up
Make sure plastic doesn’t melt
What is the minimum size for a working angle on a vacuum former
95°
What plastic would you use in a line bending tool machine thing
Acrylic
Safety precautions for line bending
Don’t touch heated wire
Use a jig for repeated accuracy
What is a Jig used for
Repeated Accuracy
Name the 13 tools/assisting tools for marking out. Write what material you would use it in
Pencil - Wood
Steel Rule - Wood/Plastic/Metal
Engineer’s Square - Metal
Sliding Bevel - Wood/Plastic
Odd-led Callipers - Plastics
Try Square - Wood/Plastics
Scribe - Metal
Centre Punch - Metal
Spring Dividers - Metal
Marking Knife - Wood
Marking Gauge - Wood
Bradawl - Wood
Engineers Blue - Metal
What do you use and engineers square/Trysquare for
Marking straight lines at a 90° Angle
What is a Sliding Bevel used for?
Draw Straight lines at a chosen angle.
What is the use of odd-led callipers
Mark straight lines in the surface of plastic
What is a scribe used for
Make scratch marks (draw lines) on metal
Centre Punch What is it used for and how to use
Used to make indents/punctures/holes in metal so that the drill bit can find the desired hole location
Place it on the point you want to indent then hit with a claw hammer.
What is Spring Dividers used for
Drawing circles on metal
What is a marking knife used for
Carving thin indented lines onto wood to make it easier to align the handsaw or chisel
What is a Bradawl used for
Making indents/small holes in wood to make it easier for the drill bit to find the hole
What is engineers blue used for
Covers the metal in a blue paint layer
Use it before the scribe in order to make the line more noticeable
Name the 3 hand held Saws and what material they are used for
Hack Saw - Metal
Tenon Saw - Wood
Coping Saw - Wood/Plastic
What the use of a tenon saw
Cut straight lines in wood
What is the use of a coping saw
Cutting curves into wood and plastic
What machine is used for cutting lines/sawing
Scroll Saw
What is a scroll saw used for
Cut patterns, Straight or Curved lines into wood & Plastic
Name some safety rules for the Scroll Saw
Hold the work piece securely
Wear goggles and apron
Keep fingers away from blade
Take of jewelry
Name 3 Handheld drills
Cordless Drill
Cord Drill
Hand Drill
What is the differences between and cord and corless drill
Cordless is more portable and runs on a battery so ut can have a better distance
Cord needs to be connected to electricity so you need an extension cord for far distances plus the cord drill can be mucb more powerful than the cordless drill.
Which drill doesn’t require any type of electricty to be powered
What type of energy does it use
Hand Drill
Kinetic Energy
What is the most common machine drill
Pillar Drill
What is a pillar drill used for
Drilling vertical holes in Wood, Metal & Plastic
What kind of toothed belt does a pillar drill use
Round Belt
What aspects of the Pillar drill can be changed
Size of the Drill Bit
Spinning Speed of the Machine
Height of Platform
What is used to change the drill bit on a pillar drill
Chuck
Safety rules for the pillar drill
1 person in the box at a time
Wear visor and apron
Keep hands away from moving parts
tuck away loose clothes
take of jewelry
Tie Hair Up
What are the 4 other types of drill bits
Flat Bit
Countersunk Bit
Forstner Bit
Hole Cutter
What is a flat tool but used for
Cutting large holes in wooden boards
What are counter sunk drill bits used for
Drill a counter sunk hole for countersunk screws or rivets
What is a Forstner bit used for
Cut blind holes into wood. Cut holes that won’t go all the way through the material
What is a hole cutter drill bit used for
Cut large diameter holes in wood boards.
Withdraw regularly to allow wood chips to fall out
What are the 3 types of hammers
Claw Hammer
Pin Hammer
Ball Pein Hammer
What are Claw hammers used for
Put nails into wood with one side and take them out with the other side
Used with Centre Punch
What are pin hammers used for
Putting pins into wood
What is the ball pein hammer used for
Manually Shaping rivets
Name the 3 types of files
Flat
Round
Half round
On what material are files used on
Plastic
What are files used for
It’s a finishing process for plastic to help shine and even out the sides better
What is a plane used for
Remove waste material of the surface of wood.
What is a vertical sander used for
Removing waste material off the face of plastic and wood
Safety precaution only for the vertical sander
Keep guard down in proper position
Keep hands away from belt
Have work piece flat on table
What material is the polisher used for
Plastic and metal
Safety precaution only for the Polisher
Keep hand away from mats
Keep material under the mat
If material falls out of your hands first stop the machine before reaching in to get it
What material is used on the milling machine
Metal
What can be made using the milling machine
Slots
Car engine bricks
What are lathes used for
Cut the outside of a workpiece
Which lathe is the large lathe
Metal Lathe
Which Lathe is the small Lathe
Wood Lathe
Name 3 different permanent joining methods that use heat and machinery along with their temperature and metal that they would be used on
Soft soldering
100°C
Copper Wires
Brazing
450°C+
Zinc, Boron, Stainless Steel
MIG Welding
1650°C
Carbon/Stainless Steel, Copper, Nickel
Name different types of Welding
Oxy-Acetylene
Spot Welding
MIG Welding
What does Spot welding use to join the 2 materials
Heat from electricity and pressure
What does MIG welding use to join the 2 materials
Heat and a filler rod
What does Oxy-Acetylene welding use to join the 2 materials
A gas mixture of oxygen & Acetylene along with heat.
Filler rod can be used
Different types of wood joints
Butt joint
Mitre Jount
Housing Joint
Dowel Joint
Is riveting semi/permanent
Permanent
Name the 2 types of riveting
Snap Riveting
Pop Riveting
What do you use to join plastics together
Liquid Solvent Cement
How does liquid solvent cement work
Triggers a chemical reaction on the surface of the 2 materials causing them to John together
Name the semi-permanent joining methods
Nuts and washers with bolts
Screws
Knock down fittings
Nails
What is fabrication
Process of inventing something
What is meant by wasting
When all the process don’t add any value to the customer
Describe mandatory signs
Blue and white
Circles
Describe prohibited signs
White background with black image in the centre and a red circle at the circumference with a diagonal red line from top left to bottom right
Circle
Describe Hazard signs
White background with red outer lining and black symbol in middle
Diamond
Yellow triangle with black symbol
Triangle
Describe safe condition signs
Green squares with white image
