Unit 1 exam Flashcards
What is the Pharmaceutic phase?
It’s optional but, how quickly the drug leaves the site of administration and how well it is absorbed
What’s the Pharmacokinetic phase?
how the body actually handles the drug
What’s the Pharmacodynamic phase?
what the drug does to the body
What eliminates drugs?
The kidneys is the main route
What does half life mean?
the time required to eliminate 50% of the drug
What words need to be associated with liver?
metabolism and blood toxicity
What does the liver do to drugs?
converts drugs to become a more potent active compound or an inactive compound
What can impaired metabolism cause?
Drug toxicity
Indication is?
why you should use a drug
Contraindication is?
why you can NOT use a specific drug
Adverse reactions is another word for?
side effects
What is an additive interaction?
two drugs combined, but still equal the effect of each drug alone (1+1=2)
What is an synergistic interaction?
two drugs combined, cause a reaction greater than the effects of each drug alone (1+1=4)
What is an antagonistic interaction?
one drug decreases or cancels the effectiveness of another drug
ex. some antibiotics cancel out birth control
T/F: Generic brand is always cheaper than trade name brands?
True
What are the six R’s?
Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, and right documentation
T/F: the higher the schedule #, the less addictive it is?
True; schedule 1’s are highly addictive drugs while schedule 6 are not addictive
What is an HAI
Healthcare-associated infection
What is a CAI
Coummunity-associated infection
What is the #1 method of preventing the spread of germs?
Frequent and proper handwashing
What does disinfectant do?
kill
What does antiseptics do?
inhibits growth
What is empiric therapy
medicating before culture; broad-spectrum ABT
What is a definitive therapy
RX after culture results
What is prophylactic therapy
used to prevent infection
Sulfonamides
-first ABT drug developed
-Sulfa- prefix
Examples of Sulfonamides
-sulfisoxazole
-sulfamethoxazole
-silvadene (topical)
What are the key adverse reactions for sulfonamides
-Nausea
-vomiting
-diarrhea
Sulfonamids contraindications
-end term pregnancy
-patients with liver and kidney impairment
Penicillin
-cillin suffix
Examples of penicillin
-amoxicillin
-piperacillin
Adverse reactions of penicillins
-GI disfunction
-Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-black hairy tongue
Penicillin contraindications
-renal disease
-GI disease
-Birth control, use backup method
Cephalosporins
Cef- or ceph- prefixes
Broad-spectrum ABT
Examples of Cephalosporins
-cephalexin
-cefdinir
-ceftriaxone
-cefepime
Adverse reaction of cephalosporins
Superinfections
Cephalosporins contraindications
-renal impairment
-pregnancy
Fluoroquinolones
-floxacin suffix
Examples of Fluoroquinolones
-ciprofloxacin
-cefofloxacin
Adverse Reactions of Fluoroquinolones
-GI disturbance
-photosensitivity
Fluoroquinolones contraindications
-GI disturbance
-pregnancy
ABT education
-Take full course of ABT therapy
-Common side effect is GI upset and diarrhea
-absorbed better if taken 6-8 ounces of water
Antivirals
–vir suffix
Examples of antivirals
-acyclovir
-oseltamivir
-valacyclovir
some don’t fit the -vir suffix
Adverse reactions of antivirals
-GI disturbance
Antiviral contrindications
-renal impairment
-breast feeding
Antifungals
-azole suffix
-work by destroying the fungi
Examples of antifungals
-fluconazole
-micronazole
-clotrimazole
-ticonazole
Adverse reactions of antifungals
-GI disturbance
-impairs renal function
Antifungals contraindications
-breast feeding
-renal or liver function
