Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Religion > Unit 1 - Ethics & Morality > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Ethics & Morality Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Religion Crash Course flashcards
1
Q

What are Ethics?

A

•Ethics is for people who have a desire for the good, the true, and the beautiful. All of us!
•Ethics is not first about duties, obligations, behavior, or laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the differences between Ethics and Morality?

A

•Ethics is about the search for the infinite good
•Morality is about transforming this search into the way we conduct our lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ethics Definition

A

A discipline that deals with the nature of the good, the nature of the human person, and criteria that we use for making right judgment

From Greek “ta ethika” which has something to do with good character.(Justice, compassion.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Morality Definition

A

•A system of right conduct based on fundamental beliefs and obligation to follow certain codes, norms, customs and habits of behavior

“Moralitas” has something to do with customs, habits, and manners shaping human life. (Ten commandments, rules, laws, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ethical Experiences (ways we experience ethics)

A

• The experience of personal response
• The experience of the other
• The experience of obligation
• The experience of contrast; this is intolerable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Three Approaches to Ethics

A

These three are chosen because they represent the three stances from which Catholic ethics has most often operated
•Teleological
•Deontological
•Relational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aristotle’s Background (T)

A

(384-322 BC)
—>Lived in Greece and was educated in Plato’s academy.
—>Explored natural world and human experience rather than ideas
—>Teacher of Alexander the Great

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aristotle’s Approach to Ethics

A

In order to obtain the good things in life we need to follow the path of rational thinking.
—>The aim of ethics is to discover what us good for us as humans.
—>Polis = Groups, Community
—>We develop individual character by habitually using everyday life and not just science.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Doctrine of the Mean

A

Avoiding deficiencies and excessiveness and seek moderation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aristotle’s “Highest form of Happiness”

A

When we flourish as humans with good character.
—>Developing habits that represent the best of what it means to be human
—>VIRTUES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Teleological Ethics (Aristotle)

A

Community, live well and do well, achieving the good, be rational, be moderate.
—>True freedom to rightfully choose what it is that you want.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Emmanuel Levinas Background (R)

A

(1905-1995)
—>Jewish heritage
—>Born in Lithuania
—>Survived WWII and lost much of his family in the Holocaust
—>Moved to France at 17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Emmanuel Levinas’ Approach to Ethics

A

The Good is Infinite
—>The search for the good is his central question. Search for God.
—>Individuals are unique and this uniqueness is the interest of the good.
—>We do not encounter God directly, but rather the trace of God.

—> The OTHER awakens us to the highest good (in the scriptures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Face as Trace of God (Levinas)

A

Human face is an encounter with another particularly the eyes.
—> A deep encounter with another person reveals a trace of God.
—>You cannot escape their uniqueness when you encounter someone deeply.
—>The face has an authority because it’s a trace of divinity.

—>Face makes us responsible. Search for God leads you our neighbour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Immanuel Kant Background (D)

A

(1724-1804)
—>Born in Prussia (Germany), raised in strict religious household.
—>Parents were Protestants - Pietism Sect
—>Believed in personal devotion, bible reading, very firm religious practices and belief.
—> Despite his religious background, Kant was adamant that in order to determine what is right, we need to use REASON (outside of religion).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Divine Command Theory (Kant)

A

What is good or not comes from God (ex. the 10 Commandments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Kant’s Approach to Ethics

A

Morality is a constant. By using reason regardless of our religious background can determine moral truths.
—>Moral truths are like scientific laws which we can come to know through reason. (ex. Gravity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

One of Kant’s Four Formulations of the Categorical Imperatives

A

“I ought never to act except in such a way that I can also will that maxim (rule) should become a universal law.”

Human action is morally good when it is done for the sake of duty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Two Ways Kant Saw How We Come to Know Things

A

1)Theoretical Reason: How we come to know how laws of nature govern human behaviour.

2)Practical Reason: Helps us understand how people make choices. People act on conscious choice based on principles. Understand what we ought to do.

Ex. TR tells us the effect of alcohol consumption to the body. PR tells us that we ought not to drink and drive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What Kant Says the Aim of Moral Life Is

A

GOOD WILL
–> Areas of interest which we need to base our search for the supreme good: God, Freedom, Immortality.
–> Because humans cannot achieve supreme good out of their own power, we need God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Kant’s Three Areas of Interest

A

1) Freedom: If humans are to achieve the supreme good then they must be able to choose it.
2) Immortality: Achieving the supreme good is an immense task, impossible to achieve in this life. In the life beyond we can achieve the supreme good.
3) God: because humans cannot achieve supreme good out of their own power, we need God.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Approaches to Ethics

A

1) Teleological: Purpose Driven
2) Deontological: Duty Driven
3) Relational: Relationship Driven

23
Q

Agent

A

A person who acts freely and knowingly, who chooses to do or not to do something.

24
Q

Freedom

A

Human potential, capacity, power to act.
–> Action is the realization of power to act, not standalone isolate events.

25
Q

What is the Focus of Ethics

A

“Who an action is done by” then on “What the action was.”

26
Q

Social Determinism

A

Your behaviour is determines by your culture, psychological state, parents, race, gender, religion, education.

27
Q

Naturalism

A

Your behaviour is determined by your physical, biological, psychological process.

28
Q

Pre-Destination

A

God has decided where you will go after death.

29
Q

Who was the first to write on Free-Will?

A

St. Augustine

30
Q

Conceptual Framework of Human Action

A

We cannot directly observe your capacity to make things happen.
–> PAUL RICOEUR: Made the conceptual framework of human action. Ask series of questions to understand human action. By asking these, we can determine whether as action was good. An action is not good in and of itself.

31
Q

Capacity

A

Spontaneity, creativity, change the course of history, we have freedom. In other words we are agents.

32
Q

Questions of Conceptual Frame of Human Action

A

Who, What, Why, How, With or against whom, under what circumstances, with what outcome.

33
Q

Narcissism

A

Self-absorbed, unhealthy consumption with oneself. A narcissist refuses to look beyond themselves.

34
Q

Healthy Self-Love

A

Have self-identity but balanced between self-love and love for others.

35
Q

Humanism (WV)

A

Centered on human interest and values.

36
Q

Secularism (WV)

A

Rejects religious views within society.

37
Q

Religion (WV)

A

Worship of, or obedience to a supernatural power or powers.

38
Q

The Importance of Communication and Language

A

Knowing language and understanding the meaning of what a person is trying to communicate are two different things.

39
Q

Importance of Character and One’s Body

A

Character refers to the way your actions, over time, tend to become fixed in your body and becomes personal trait.

40
Q

What is Conscience?

A

A voice that calls us “to love and to do what is good and to avoid evil.”
–>Inner voice that tells us “at the right amount: do this, shun that.”
–>Law inscribed in the human heart by God.
–>Our most secret core and sanctuary where we are alone with God whose voice echoes in our depths.

41
Q

Freud’s view of Conscience

A

Id: unconscious instinctual drives of humans.

Super Ego: others views of right and wrong imposed on us.

Ego: our own views.

42
Q

Six Aspects That Makes Us Moral Agents

A

The Importance of:
1) Others
2) Having Direction in Life
3) Communication and Language
4) Character and One’s Body
5) Conscience
6) The Development of One’s Conscience

43
Q

The Importance of Having Direction in Life

A

“Knowing who you are means knowing where you stand. Everyone stands somewhere.”

“Not to know where one stands is not to know who one is.”

44
Q

Three Senses of Conscience

A

1) Conscience as a CAPACITY to recognize right and wrong
2) Conscience as a PROCESS of moral reasoning.
3) Conscience as a JUDGEMENT.

45
Q

The Development of One’s Conscience

A

Develops as you:
—>Mature
—>Take account of and follow norms, values, virtues.
—>Participate in the Eucharist and prayer
—>You grow in the virtue of HUMILITY.

—> Helps you deal with moral failures and sins

46
Q

Malformed Conscience

A

Means that you will often not choose the true good because your judgement is clouded by:
—>Faulty Reasoning
—>Faulty Value Structures
—>Misinformed received by others

—>These people often rationalize and trivialize their actions.

47
Q

Informed Conscience

A

Means that the person is constantly EDUCATING THEMSELVES and using RATIONAL THOUGHT to act out their lives making good decisions.

48
Q

Symptoms of a Misinformed Conscience

A

1) Rationalization
2) Trivialization
3) Misinformation
4) End Justifies the Means
5) Means to An End
6) Difficult to Reason

49
Q

Rationalization (MC)

A

Rationalizing your action that it is not harming anyone ; therefore it is not wrong (ex. stealing from a large department store)

50
Q

Trivialization (MC)

A

“It’s no big deal” — everyone does it (ex. downloading movies from the internet)

51
Q

Misinformation (MC)

A

Listening to unreliable sources to get the answer you want (ex. Ads on the internet about weight loss pills).

52
Q

End Justifies the Means (MC)

A

Creating a reason to justify bad choices (ex. I had to steal > I didn’t have money > I hadn’t eaten > I get sick if I don’t steal.

53
Q

Means to an End (MC)

A

Wanting to use whatever is necessary to solve the problem (ex. Nuclear bomb to end the war — kill some to save the many).

54
Q

Difficult to Reason (MC)

A

Under certain circumstances - acting without thinking clearly (ex. breaking into a house to stay warm because you have been kicked out of home. Does not ask for help instead).

Religion (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions