Unit 1 - Energy transfers in the biosphere

Question 1

Two processes that are essential to organisms in providing energy

Answer 1

Cellular respiration and Photosynthesis

Question 2

Organisms that obtain energy from eating other organisms are called:

Answer 2

Consumers or heterotrophs (other-feeders)

Question 3

what are autotrophs or producers?

Answer 3

Organisms that can produce their own food

Question 4

albedo

Answer 4

refers to the amount of energy that is reflected from a surface (heat from the sun)

Question 5

Chemosynthesis

Answer 5

• the process by which certain microbes create energy using chemical reactions
• because they are in the dark
• primary consumers

Question 6

how is energy transferred in the biosphere?

Answer 6

• primary producers (1st trophic)
• primary consumers (2nd trophic)
• secondary consumers (3rd tropic)
• tertiary consumers (4th trophic)
• quaternary consumers (5th trophic)

Question 7

how to decomposers fit into the food chain

Answer 7

They feed on all trophic levels of the food chain

Question 8

what is the rule of 10?

Answer 8

• 10% of the energy moves up to the next trophic level

- some energy is lost throughout the trophic levels

Question 9

where does the lost energy go?

Answer 9

1. dissipated through heat
2. cannot be digested
3. some die without being eaten

Question 10

what is a pro of being a vegetarian

Answer 10

you get more energy from your food because it hasn’t been lost throughout the trophic levels

Question 11

Ecological Pyramids

Answer 11

• pyramid of numbers: the number of organisms in each trophic level
• pyramid of biomass: the total weight of all organisms in each tropic level
• pyramid of energy: the total amount of energy in each trophic level

Question 12

biomagnification

Answer 12

increase in concentration of a pollutant in a food chain