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Biology 20 > 6.2 - the digestive system > Flashcards

6.2 - the digestive system Flashcards

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1
Q

alimentary canal

A

another name for the digestion system

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2
Q

how many organs make up the digestive system?

A

10

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3
Q

mesentery

A

a tissue that holds up and supports organs

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4
Q

peristalsis

A

muscles that move your food down your throat

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5
Q

villi

A

create a huge surface area for absorption

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6
Q

what is the function of the digestive system

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food and the absorption of nutrients

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7
Q

start of digestion

A
  • mouth: physical breakdown of food

- tongue: moves food to the frenulum and roles food into a bolus

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8
Q

salivary glands (amylase)

A
  • amylase is an enzyme that helps breakdown food into starch and sugars
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9
Q

the back of the mouth is called the

A

pharynx

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10
Q

a flap called the epiglottis ensures:

A

food does not go down the airway

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11
Q

esophagus

A

moves food to the stomach using peristalsis

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12
Q

the stomach is the site of _____ digestion

A

protein

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13
Q

starts at the ____ sphincter and ends at the _____ sphincter

A
  1. cardiac

2. pyloric

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14
Q

partially digested food is called:

A

chyme

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15
Q

secretory cells

A
  • cells that line the stomach wall producing gastric fluids

- their release is stimulated by a hormone called gastrin

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16
Q

types of secretory walls

A
  • mucous: for protection
  • parietal cells: releases HCL
  • peptic cells: pepsinogen (a protein digesting enzyme)
17
Q

what is the difference between pepsinogen and pepsin

A
  • pepsin is the inactive form of pepsinogen

- when the PH is above 3 it becomes active

18
Q

What nerve carries info to the brainstream

A

vagus

19
Q

cholecystokinin

A

tells you when your full

20
Q

3 sections of the small intestine

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
21
Q

how does chemical digestion occur

A

Accessory organs (pancreas, liver, and gallbladder release enzymes, molecules, and hormones to aid in the chemical process)

  1. enzymes breakdown food
  2. molecules aid in the digestive process
  3. hormones stimulate digestive organs to release their enzymes
22
Q

how is glucose transported

A

it is actively transported into the cells of the intestinal wall to move into the blood stream

23
Q

how are amino acids transported

A

they are actively transported into the cells of the intestinal wall to move into the bloodstream

24
Q

how are glycerol and fatty acids transported

A

they diffuse into the cells of the intestinal wall where they are resynthesizes into fats, coated with proteins and move into lymph vessels for eventual transport into the bloodstream

25
Q

what is gastric bypass surgery

A
  • making the stomach smaller
  • rerouting the small intestine
  • if you aren’t absorbing the nutrients you won’t put on weight
26
Q

The large intestine (four components)

A

last chance for water absorption

  1. cecum: start of the large intestine attached to the appendix
  2. colon: 4 sections (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid)
  3. rectum: stores waste before it is expelled from the body
  4. anus: muscular sphincter which controls the exit of waste
27
Q

appendix function

A

may be used to synthesize vitamins B and K

28
Q

what does cellulose (fibre) do in the large intestine?

A

provides bulk to the chyme

29
Q

The pancreas

A
  • works closely with the small intestine
  • releases bicarbonate ions to the small intestine
  • bicarbonate helps to neutralize the PH of the chyme
  • releases the enzymes which help breakdown proteins, carbohydrates and lipids
  • these enzymes are inactive until food is present
30
Q

The liver

A
  • produces bile salts
  • storage of glycogen and vitamins
  • detoxifies many substances in the body
31
Q

Gallbladder

A
  • stores bile and bile salts

- holds CCK (an enzyme)

32
Q

Gastrin

A
  • produced in the stomach lining

- releases HCL

33
Q

Secretin

A
  • produced in the small intestine

- causes the releases of sodium bicarbonate

Biology 20 (12 decks)

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