Unit #1- Ecosystems

Question 1

Difference between photosynthesis and cell resp.

Answer 1

Photosynthesis: autotrophs (producers) capture sun energy and store as glucose

Cell resp: all organisms (plants and animals) go through this process to use energy stored food

Question 2

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 2

6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) + sunlight =

C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g)

Question 3

Cell resp equation

Answer 3

C2H12O6(g) + 6O2(g) = 6CO2(g) + energy + 6H2O

Reactants ~> products

Question 4

3 components of the biosphere

Answer 4

Hydrosphere (water)
Atmosphere (air)
Lithosphere (land)

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

A group of the same species in an area

Question 6

Community

Answer 6

Group of different species coexisting together in an area

Question 7

Abiotic

Answer 7

Non living things

Ex. Rocks

Question 8

Biotic

Answer 8

Living organisms/species

Ex. Plants, animals

Question 9

Herbivores

Answer 9

Eat plants

Ex green turtle

Question 10

Omnivore

Answer 10

Eat both plants and meat

Ex. True crabs

Question 11

Carnivore

Answer 11

Meat eaters

Ex. Blacktip reef shark

Question 12

Producers

Answer 12

Autotrophs

Are at the bottom of the food chain/and first trophic level

Make their own food

Have 100% of the energy

Ex. Plants

Question 13

Consumer

Answer 13

Heterotroph

Cannot make their own food

Feed on the producers or whatever is below them in the food chain

Question 14

Decomposers

Answer 14

Are any organisms that breakdown or decompose dead organisms

Ex. Bristle worms 

Question 15

Primary consumer

Answer 15

2 trophic level organisms that feed on the producers

Question 16

Secondary consumer

Answer 16

3rd trophic level

Rely on primary consumers for their energy source
(Can extend to more levels)

Question 17

Tertiary consumer

Question 18

Energy of the trophic levels

Answer 18

Producers 100% = level 1

Primary consumers 10% =level 2

2nd consumers 1% =level 3

3rd consumers 0.1% =level 4

4th consumers 0.01% =level 5

Question 19

Water cycle

Answer 19

Movement of water through the biosphere.

water reaches earth as **precipitation

then **evaporates by absorbing energy from the sun becoming water vapour

which then will rise until it reaches a point where it will cool enough to condense and become liquid again

plants play a role in recycling water through **transpiration (plant sweating)

the freshwater we use comes from groundwater and surface water water filters downward into the ground through **percolation

Question 20

Transpiration

Answer 20

Lots of water from plant leaves

Question 21

Evaporation

Answer 21

Changing from liquid to gas

Question 22

Precipitation

Answer 22

Snow, sleet, rain, hail

Question 23

Percolation

Answer 23

Movement of a solid through a porous material (soil)

Question 24

Leaching

Answer 24

Removal of a solute by percolation (filter)

Question 25

Carbon cycle

Answer 25

Carbon is fixed into organic compounds by plants through photosynthesis

carbon is RELEASED into the atmosphere by plants animals decomposers through RESPIRATION

**plants do both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
**animals only cellular respiration

Question 26

Nitrogen fixation (nitrification)

Answer 26

Bacteria 90%, lightning 10%; convert atmospheric nitrogen (free nitrogen) into compounds that can be used by plants.

The process of changing ammonium ions into nitrates (N03), performed by nitrifying bacteria absorbed by plants used to make nucleic acid’s absorbed by consumers when eaten

Question 27

Ammonification

Answer 27

Decomposers convert nitrogen products (from tissues) into ammonia (NH3)

Question 28

Denitrification

Answer 28

Some bacteria convert ammonia or nitrates back into free nitrogen which returns to the atmosphere

Question 29

Nitrogen cycle

Answer 29

A cycle of matter in which nitrogen atoms move from nitrogen gas in the atmosphere to inorganic forms in the soil
to organic forms in living things
and then back to inorganic forms in the soil and nitrogen gas in the atmosphere

Question 30

Food chain vs. Food web

Answer 30

Food chain: is a list of organisms in sequence order, each depending on the other as a food source

Food web: is a system of different interlocking chains all linked together in an ecosystem

Question 31

Classifying and naming organisms

Answer 31

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(Broad to specific)

Naming;
Uppercase genus~ first
Lowercase species~ second
Italicized if typed/underlined if written
Ex. Carolus Linnaeus

Question 32

Homólogos features

Answer 32

Similar in structure different function



Question 33

Analogous features

Answer 33

Similar in appearance and in function but do not appear to have the same evolution origin

Ex. Birds wing and an insects wing

Question 34

Classifying and naming organisms

Answer 34

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species