Respiratory & Digestive System

Question 1

The mouth 👄

Answer 1

Breaks down carbs/starches with amylase and maltase

pH of 7 (neutral)

Question 2

Stomach

Answer 2

Breaks down proteins with Pepsinogen + HCL = pepsin
Pepsin + protein = amino acids

Also breaks down lipids with lipase

And breaks down dairy w rennin

Has pH of 1-2

Question 3

Small intestine

Answer 3

Breaks down carbs/starches w amylase and maltase

Breaks down protein w trypsinogen + enterokinase = trypsin

Breaks down lipids w lipase

pH of 8-9

Question 4

Large intestine

Answer 4

Water reabsorption

Question 5

Nasal cavity 👃

Answer 5

Lined w cilia and thick mucus membrane

Cilia filters debris and sweeps it toward the pharynx(throat)

The moist mucus traps debris and moisten the air

Question 6

Pharynx and larynx

Answer 6

Pharynx:
-passage for food and air
- empties into trachea (windpipe) and esophagus

Larynx: (voice box)
-connects the pharynx w the trachea
-vocal cords produce sound as air if forced from the lungs to the pharynx
-bacterial or viral infections of the cords cause LARYNGITIS = cant talk

Question 7

Epiglottis

Answer 7

A flap like structure which prevents food or liquids from entering the trachea during swallowing

Question 8

Trachea and bronchi

Answer 8

Function as a passage way for air between lungs and pharynx

Composed of cartilage rings separated by muscle tissue

Question 9

Bronchioles

Answer 9

The smallest passage way for air found inside the lungs 🫁

Composed of smooth muscle (no cartilage rings)

Air moves from the bronchioles to tiny alveoli sacs

Question 10

Alveoli sacs

Answer 10

Very thin (1cell) lined w a rich supply of capillaries

Carbon dioxide and oxygen gas exchange occurs between the capillary blood and air within the alveoli sacs

Question 11

Inspiration (breathing in) 🫁

Answer 11

The diaphragm contracts and FLATTENS
Expanding the thoracic cavity and lowers the pressure
The Intercoastal muscles contract and lift weights he rib cage upward and outward.

Question 12

Expiration (breathing out) 🫁

Answer 12

The diaphragm relaxes and becomes DOMED UPWARD
The Intercoastal muscles relax and the rib cage drops downward and inward
Reduces the volume of the thoracic cavity and RAISES THE PRESSURE

Question 13

Breathing disorders

Answer 13

Asthma

Bronchitis

Emphysema

Question 14

What is the digestive system responsible for

Answer 14

The breakdown of large complex organic molecules into smaller components

Question 15

4 stages of digestion

Answer 15

Ingestion -food into mouth

Digestion- physical and chemical breakdown

Absorb and transport - absorbing and transporting nutrients into the blood stream and throughout the body

Egestion- getting rid of waste

Question 16

Salivary gland’s

Answer 16

Parotid - upper jaw
Sub-lingual - under tongue 👅
Sub-maxillary- under jaw

*makes saliva and saliva acts activates tastebuds

Question 17

Teeth 🦷 and tongue 👅

Answer 17

Physical

Tongue also helps make saliva

Question 18

Esophagus

Answer 18

Thick muscular tube that leads from pharynx to stomach

Question 19

Cardiac sphincter

Answer 19

Controls passage of food into the stomach

Keeps gastric juices in the stomach

Question 20

Parts of the small intestine

Answer 20

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 21

Large intestine

Answer 21

Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon

Into the rectum
Then anus

Question 22

Liver and gallbladder

Answer 22

Liver makes bile salts which are stored in the gallbladder

Acts as detergents in the small intestine